WGU C458 Health, Fitness and Wellness Test with Answers
Graded A
Nutrition - -provides the body with the increased intake of sugars in sweetened soft
nutrients it needs to perform its daily tasks drinks, foods, and meals of high energy, low
nutrient density, and large portion sizes. At
risk for serious health problems such as type
Undernutrition - -implies that the 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease,
individual is not getting enough nutrients. stroke, and some types of cancer.
This can occur even if the person is
consuming more than enough calories
Minerals - -inorganic material. Form
body parts (teeth and bones), maintain acid-
Malnutrition - -an imbalance of proper base neutrality, regulate nerve impulses,
nutrients osmotic pressure, and electrolyte balance
Anorexia nervosa - -literally means loss Major minerals - -needed by the body:
of appetite, but this is a misnomer: A person • calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon,
with this is hungry, but denies the hunger green vegetables
because of an irrational fear of becoming fat. • phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
Self-starvation, food preoccupation and • potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
rituals, compulsive exercising, and often an • sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
absence of menstrual cycles in women. • sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
Untreated, can be fatal. • chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole
grains
Bulimia - -characterized by recurring
periods of binge eating, during which large
amounts of food are consumed in a short Trace minerals - -required in lesser
period of time followed by purging (through amounts, and include iron, zinc, selenium,
self-induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives magnesium, copper, iodine, fluorine,
and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
Binge eating disorder (BED) - -episodes HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins) -
of binge eating characterized by eating -protect the body against heart
rapidly, eating large amounts of food even disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
when not feeling hungry, and feeling guilty or
depressed after overeating.
LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins) -
-most cholesterol in the blood is of this
Obesity - -15 to 20 percent above type. Often referred to as the bad cholesterol.
normal weight. Poor dietary patterns; include high levels in the blood increases the risk of
, WGU C458 Health, Fitness and Wellness Test with Answers
Graded A
fatty deposits forming in the arteries, which in simple sugars and starches
turn increases the risk of a heart attack
Protein - -produce 4 calories of energy
Lipoproteins - -large molecules of fat per gram. Sources include meats and milk.
and protein in the bloodstream; how Composed of 8 essential(provided by the
cholesterol is transported diet) and 12 nonessential(synthesized by the
body) amino acids. Perform many functions
including building cells and tissues, forming
Antioxidants - -slow the aging process. blood and enzymes, and fighting infection.
Reduce cellular damage by binding with free
radicals produced during oxidation reactions means primary, and no organism can live,
and almost no biological process can take
place, without it
Oxidation reactions - -the energy-
yielding reactions in which either an oxygen
atom adds an electron to or a hydrogen atom Lipids - -produce 9 calories of energy
removes an electron from a substrate (a per gram. Organic compounds that do not
group of atoms or molecule)—the net result readily dissolve in water; based on their
is a substrate that has had a partial or solubility, they are classified into triglycerides
complete loss of a negatively charge particle, (more commonly known as fats),
an electron. Two partially charged atoms or phospholipids, and sterols
groups of atoms, one positively charged and
the other negatively charged, now exist
Incomplete protein - -proteins that are
lacking one or more of the essential amino
Free radical (Oxidant) - -any atom or acids
group of atoms that has an unpaired
electron. Because electrons typically
function in pairs, these are very prone to Glycogen - -the polysaccharide form in
binding to other substrates in an effort to which glucose is stored in the liver
regain this paired status. When this happens
in the human body, there is potential for a
great deal of damage. Glucose - -simple sugar. The only
source of energy that brain cells use to
function
Carbohydrates - -produce 4 calories of
energy per gram. Found in foods as
monosaccharides, disaccharides, and Triglycerides (Fats) - -Solid at room
polysaccharides. Sources include fruits, temperature. Group of chemical compounds
vegetables, pasta, and rice which consist of that contain fatty acids, often in very long
, WGU C458 Health, Fitness and Wellness Test with Answers
Graded A
strands. Most concentrated source of energy Fat-soluble vitamins - -found in the
in the diet. Provides much of the stored fatty parts of food and body tissues. Stored in
energy of the body. Insulate body organs the body until needed, so it is not necessary
against changes in environmental to consume them every day. Transported by
temperature. Protect the organs and lipids through the body; A, D, E, and K
underlying tissues by acting as a shock
absorber.
Vitamin A - -important in promoting
growth and health of body tissues as well as
Water - -essential component of body enhancing the function of the immune
structure. Second only to oxygen in system. Enhances vision by helping the retina
importance to body functioning. Acts as a function properly, permitting us to distinguish
solvent for minerals and other physiologically between light and shade and to see various
important compounds. In the body, it colors distinctly. A form of this is used by
transports nutrients to and waste products dermatologists to treat acne and other skin
from the cells and helps regulate body disorders. Overdoses may result in yellowish,
temperature. Comes from fluids and solids in dry, scaly skin and dry, irritated eyes
the diet and also is produced by the
metabolic processing of energy nutrients
within the tissues Vitamin D - -essential for calcium
absorption and thus is needed to prevent and
cure rickets(deficiency disease in which
Oils - -liquid at room temperature. bones fail to harden)
Vitamins - -organic compounds Vitamin E - -an activator in certain
required by every part of the body to maintain enzyme reactions, and it protects vitamins A
health and prevent disease. Classified as and C from being used up too quickly
either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Do not
become part of the body. Only small
amounts are needed, but must be provided Vitamin K - -essential for the synthesis
by the diet because the body is not able to of prothrombin, a substance needed for
synthesize them in the required quantities for normal blood coagulation.
proper nourishment and body function.
Foster growth, promote the ability to produce
healthy offspring, maintain health, aid in the Water-soluble vitamins - -associated
normal function of the digestive tract and with the watery parts of food and body
appetite, and help maintain immune system tissues. Not stored by the body. Excess
functions. amounts are usually excreted in the urine
and, therefore, should be provided in the diet
on a regular basis. Includes the B vitamins
Graded A
Nutrition - -provides the body with the increased intake of sugars in sweetened soft
nutrients it needs to perform its daily tasks drinks, foods, and meals of high energy, low
nutrient density, and large portion sizes. At
risk for serious health problems such as type
Undernutrition - -implies that the 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease,
individual is not getting enough nutrients. stroke, and some types of cancer.
This can occur even if the person is
consuming more than enough calories
Minerals - -inorganic material. Form
body parts (teeth and bones), maintain acid-
Malnutrition - -an imbalance of proper base neutrality, regulate nerve impulses,
nutrients osmotic pressure, and electrolyte balance
Anorexia nervosa - -literally means loss Major minerals - -needed by the body:
of appetite, but this is a misnomer: A person • calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon,
with this is hungry, but denies the hunger green vegetables
because of an irrational fear of becoming fat. • phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
Self-starvation, food preoccupation and • potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
rituals, compulsive exercising, and often an • sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
absence of menstrual cycles in women. • sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
Untreated, can be fatal. • chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole
grains
Bulimia - -characterized by recurring
periods of binge eating, during which large
amounts of food are consumed in a short Trace minerals - -required in lesser
period of time followed by purging (through amounts, and include iron, zinc, selenium,
self-induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives magnesium, copper, iodine, fluorine,
and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
Binge eating disorder (BED) - -episodes HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins) -
of binge eating characterized by eating -protect the body against heart
rapidly, eating large amounts of food even disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
when not feeling hungry, and feeling guilty or
depressed after overeating.
LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins) -
-most cholesterol in the blood is of this
Obesity - -15 to 20 percent above type. Often referred to as the bad cholesterol.
normal weight. Poor dietary patterns; include high levels in the blood increases the risk of
, WGU C458 Health, Fitness and Wellness Test with Answers
Graded A
fatty deposits forming in the arteries, which in simple sugars and starches
turn increases the risk of a heart attack
Protein - -produce 4 calories of energy
Lipoproteins - -large molecules of fat per gram. Sources include meats and milk.
and protein in the bloodstream; how Composed of 8 essential(provided by the
cholesterol is transported diet) and 12 nonessential(synthesized by the
body) amino acids. Perform many functions
including building cells and tissues, forming
Antioxidants - -slow the aging process. blood and enzymes, and fighting infection.
Reduce cellular damage by binding with free
radicals produced during oxidation reactions means primary, and no organism can live,
and almost no biological process can take
place, without it
Oxidation reactions - -the energy-
yielding reactions in which either an oxygen
atom adds an electron to or a hydrogen atom Lipids - -produce 9 calories of energy
removes an electron from a substrate (a per gram. Organic compounds that do not
group of atoms or molecule)—the net result readily dissolve in water; based on their
is a substrate that has had a partial or solubility, they are classified into triglycerides
complete loss of a negatively charge particle, (more commonly known as fats),
an electron. Two partially charged atoms or phospholipids, and sterols
groups of atoms, one positively charged and
the other negatively charged, now exist
Incomplete protein - -proteins that are
lacking one or more of the essential amino
Free radical (Oxidant) - -any atom or acids
group of atoms that has an unpaired
electron. Because electrons typically
function in pairs, these are very prone to Glycogen - -the polysaccharide form in
binding to other substrates in an effort to which glucose is stored in the liver
regain this paired status. When this happens
in the human body, there is potential for a
great deal of damage. Glucose - -simple sugar. The only
source of energy that brain cells use to
function
Carbohydrates - -produce 4 calories of
energy per gram. Found in foods as
monosaccharides, disaccharides, and Triglycerides (Fats) - -Solid at room
polysaccharides. Sources include fruits, temperature. Group of chemical compounds
vegetables, pasta, and rice which consist of that contain fatty acids, often in very long
, WGU C458 Health, Fitness and Wellness Test with Answers
Graded A
strands. Most concentrated source of energy Fat-soluble vitamins - -found in the
in the diet. Provides much of the stored fatty parts of food and body tissues. Stored in
energy of the body. Insulate body organs the body until needed, so it is not necessary
against changes in environmental to consume them every day. Transported by
temperature. Protect the organs and lipids through the body; A, D, E, and K
underlying tissues by acting as a shock
absorber.
Vitamin A - -important in promoting
growth and health of body tissues as well as
Water - -essential component of body enhancing the function of the immune
structure. Second only to oxygen in system. Enhances vision by helping the retina
importance to body functioning. Acts as a function properly, permitting us to distinguish
solvent for minerals and other physiologically between light and shade and to see various
important compounds. In the body, it colors distinctly. A form of this is used by
transports nutrients to and waste products dermatologists to treat acne and other skin
from the cells and helps regulate body disorders. Overdoses may result in yellowish,
temperature. Comes from fluids and solids in dry, scaly skin and dry, irritated eyes
the diet and also is produced by the
metabolic processing of energy nutrients
within the tissues Vitamin D - -essential for calcium
absorption and thus is needed to prevent and
cure rickets(deficiency disease in which
Oils - -liquid at room temperature. bones fail to harden)
Vitamins - -organic compounds Vitamin E - -an activator in certain
required by every part of the body to maintain enzyme reactions, and it protects vitamins A
health and prevent disease. Classified as and C from being used up too quickly
either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Do not
become part of the body. Only small
amounts are needed, but must be provided Vitamin K - -essential for the synthesis
by the diet because the body is not able to of prothrombin, a substance needed for
synthesize them in the required quantities for normal blood coagulation.
proper nourishment and body function.
Foster growth, promote the ability to produce
healthy offspring, maintain health, aid in the Water-soluble vitamins - -associated
normal function of the digestive tract and with the watery parts of food and body
appetite, and help maintain immune system tissues. Not stored by the body. Excess
functions. amounts are usually excreted in the urine
and, therefore, should be provided in the diet
on a regular basis. Includes the B vitamins
