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1. How do humans alter earth
2. how do human alterations affect the biosphere
3. What can be done to alleviate human alterations of the biosphere - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔Main questions of course
1. Nitrogen fixation
2. Water use
3. Land transformation
4. CO2 concentration rise
5. Ocean acidification
6. Bird extinction
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,7. Plant invasion - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Greatest ecological impacts of humans(most to
least)
Limits between which global systems must operate to prevent abrupt and
irreversible environmental change - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Planetary Boundaries
1. Biogeochemical flows of Nitrogen and Phosphorous(Nitrogen fixation)
2. Genetic diversity (biodiversity loss) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Planetary Boundaries that
have been crossed
Restoration of the ozone layer - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Success story of planetary
boundaries
Outcome is not proportional to input
- to revert back to a stable state, it will take more effort than getting to where you
are now(It takes much less equipment to pollute a pond than to clean it up after it
has been polluted) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Non-linear dynamics
a critical threshold when a small change can have potentially drastic effects.
Mostly linked to climate change and pollution and the increase in the emmition of
greenhouse gases - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Tipping Points
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Result of increased burning of fossil fuels and land use change(getting rid of plants
by burning which uptake CO2)
-caused global warming of 0.8-1.2 degrees Celsius - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Increased
atmospheric CO2
-25% of carbon from CO2 gets taken up by oceans
-Caused the average ocean ph to drop by 0.1 units and because ph is a log scale
resulted in 26% increased acidity causing major changes to ocean ecology - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔Oceanic CO2
process of converting nitrogen gas into nitrogen compounds that plants can absorb
and use - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔nitrogen fixation
added to ecosystems through fixation by microorganisms and limits the growth of
many ecosystems - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Nitrogen in Ecosystems*dont understand*
97% of large mammal biomass is human(30%) or domestic animals(67%) - 🧠
ANSWER ✔✔Large mammal biomass
-35% of all of the earths usable water goes toward agricultural needs while 15%
goes to other human needs
COPYRIGHT©PROFFKERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE.
PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED