EXAM 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Bill of Sale - ✔✔A document used to transfer ownership of personal property from
one person to another.
✔✔Chattel - ✔✔A piece of personal property.
✔✔Emblement - ✔✔A crop that is planted and cultivated through someone's labor and
industry. Emblements are considered to be personal property. Also called Fructus
Industriales.
✔✔Fixture - ✔✔A man-made attachment; an item of personal property that has been
attached to or closely associated with real property in such a way that it has legally
become part of the real property
✔✔Fructus Industriales - ✔✔Plants planted and cultivated by people ("fruits of
industry"), generally considered personal property. Also called Emblements.
✔✔Improvement - ✔✔Any addition to or change in a condition of real property to
increase its value or utility
✔✔Leasehold Improvement - ✔✔A fixture attached to real property by a landlord for the
use of a tenant.
✔✔Manufactured Housing - ✔✔Houses built to HUD building codes in a factory, titled
and regulated by the North Carolina Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV), and is
considered personal property until required steps are taken by the owner to convert to
real property.
✔✔Modular Housing - ✔✔Houses built to state building codes in a factory (personal
property), transported to the landowner's site, and assembled by a builder onsite on a
permanent foundation, which at that point becomes real property.
✔✔Trade Fixtures - ✔✔Items of personal property that are annexed to leased property,
are necessary to a trade or business, and are removable by the tenant prior to
expiration of the lease.
✔✔Curtesy - ✔✔An interest held by a married person in the real property owned by a
spouse; refers to a husband's interest in his wife's property. Not recognized in all states
including North Carolina.
✔✔Defeasible Fee - ✔✔A type of freehold estate conveying ownership interest that
comes with a condition. Also called Qualified Fee.
, ✔✔Dower - ✔✔The interest held by a married person in the real property owned by a
spouse; generally refers to a wife's interest in her husband's property. Not recognized in
all states including North Carolina.
✔✔Estate - ✔✔A possessory interest in real property; either a freehold estate or a
leasehold estate.
✔✔What is estovers? - ✔✔A life tenant's right to cut a reasonable amount of timber
from the land for repairs or fuel.
✔✔What is not allowed under estovers? - ✔✔Cutting and selling timber for profit.
✔✔What is Fee Simple Absolute? - ✔✔The greatest estate (ownership) one can have in
real property because it is freely transferable and inheritable, and of indefinite duration,
with no conditions on the title.
✔✔What are other names for Fee Simple Absolute? - ✔✔It may be called Fee Simple or
Fee Title.
✔✔Fee Simple Determinable - ✔✔A defeasible fee that's terminated automatically if
certain conditions occur. The grantor (or his or her heirs) has a possibility of reverter.
Also called Determinable Fee.
✔✔What is a Freehold Estate? - ✔✔A possessory interest in real property of uncertain
(and often unlimited) duration.
✔✔What are the types of Freehold Estates? - ✔✔Either a fee simple or life estate.
✔✔Who has title in a Freehold Estate? - ✔✔The holder of the freehold estate.
✔✔Homestead - ✔✔A statutory or legal life estate recognized in some states that
protects the estate belonging to a deceased person for the use of a surviving spouse
and minor children.
✔✔Life Estate - ✔✔An interest in real property, the duration of which is limited by the
life of its owner or another designated person.
✔✔Life Estate Pur Autre Vie - ✔✔A life estate "for another's life," where the measuring
life is someone other than the life tenant.
✔✔Life Tenant - ✔✔Someone who owns a life estate; the person entitled to possession
of the property during the measuring life.