PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
RASMUSSEN NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL
EXAM COMPLETE 280 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Which of the following would be a sign of right-sided Heart Failure?
- Increased Urination
- Peripheral Edema
- Pulmonary Edema
- Immunosuppression - CORRECT ANSWER-Peripheral Edema
Which of the following are clinical manifestations of left-sided heart failure? (Select all
that apply)
- Jugular Vein Distention
- Cough with Frothy Sputum
- Crackles Auscultated in Lungs
- Dyspnea - CORRECT ANSWER-- Cough with Frothy Sputum
- Crackles auscultated in lungs
- Dyspnea
Which medications would be used to treat a patient with heart failure?
- Antibiotics and Steroids
- Vitamin D and Calcium
- Calcium Channel Blockers and Zafron
- ACE Inhibitors and Beta-Blockers - CORRECT ANSWER-ACE inhibitors and Beta-
Blockers
Which of the following is often the cause of pulmonary embolism?
,- An autoimmune disorder
- A venous blood clot from lower extremity
- An increase in intracranial pressure
- Hypotension - CORRECT ANSWER-- A venous blood clot from lower extremity
Virchow's Triad contributes to pulmonary embolism formation. Virchow's Triad factors
include all of the following except:
- Venous Blood Stasis
- Damage to the venous wall
- Venous blood hypermobility
- Increased blood coagulability - CORRECT ANSWER-Venous blood hypermobility
How does unstable angina pectoris differ from stable angina pectoris?
- Can only be diagnosed by changes in cardiac biomarkers
- manifests in ECG changes only
- Is not relieved by periods of rest
- Not as serious as stable angina - CORRECT ANSWER-Not relieved by periods of rest
Which of the following organs are primarily affected by poorly managed hypertension?
- Bladder and Urethra
- Brain and Skin
- Heart and Kidneys
- Stomach and Intestines - CORRECT ANSWER-Heart and Kidneys
Management of hypertension involves multiple approaches including which of the
following?
- Dietary Modifications
- Engaging in regular exercise routines
- Prescribing diuretics and/or anti-hypertensives
- All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER-All of the above
When arterial blood pressure declines, the cells of the kidneys secrete a hormone called
___ to increase blood pressure and peripheral resistance.
- Renin
- Antidiuretic Hormone
- Atrial Natriuretic
- Erythropoietin - CORRECT ANSWER-Renin
Which of the following are examples of complications of shock? (Select all that apply)
- Multiple Organ Dysfunction
- Acute Renal Failure
- Clotting and Bleeding Disorders
- Increased Cardiac Output - CORRECT ANSWER-- Multiple Organ Dysfunction
- Acute renal failure
- Clotting and Bleeding disorders
, What pathophysiological responses would you expect to find in a client who has
anaphylactic shock?
- Bronchodilation, Peripheral constriction, Decreased capillary permeability
- Asthma, Deep vein thrombosis, hepatic encephalopathy
- Bronchoconstriction, peripheral dilation, increased capillary permeability
- Left-sided heart failure, pulmonary embolism, UTI - CORRECT ANSWER-
Bronchoconstriction, Peripheral Dilation, Increased Capillary Permeability
What is the cause of Cardiogenic Shock?
- Severe Ventricular Dysfunction
- Acute Blood Loss
- Severe Atrial Dysfunction
- Suppression of the Sympathetic Nervous System - CORRECT ANSWER-Severe
ventricular dysfunction
What is occurring in the body of clients with hypovolemic shock?
- Inadequate stomach acid
- Insufficient circulating blood volume
- Insect bite or snake bites
- Not taking enough diuretics - CORRECT ANSWER-Insufficient circulating blood
volume
Obstructive shock is due to a mechanical obstruction impeding blood flow. Cause of
obstructive shock include all of the following except?
- Spinal Cord Injury
- Pulmonary Embolism
- Cardiac Tamponade
- Tension Pneumothorax - CORRECT ANSWER-Spinal Cord Injury
Presentation of shock includes all of the following clinical findings except:
- Altered level of consciousness
- Hypotension
- Mental Clarity
- Tachycardia - CORRECT ANSWER-Mental Clarity
Septic shock is a common cause of death in the ICU. What causes sepsis?
- An overwhelming allergic reaction
- Severe inflammatory response to pathogens
- Unknown causes resulting in Hypertension
- Poor nursing and health care provider interventions - CORRECT ANSWER-Severe
inflammatory response to a pathogen
Which of the following is a type of septic shock?
- Cardiogenic Shock
- Distributive Shock
- Obstructive Shock
RASMUSSEN NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL
EXAM COMPLETE 280 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Which of the following would be a sign of right-sided Heart Failure?
- Increased Urination
- Peripheral Edema
- Pulmonary Edema
- Immunosuppression - CORRECT ANSWER-Peripheral Edema
Which of the following are clinical manifestations of left-sided heart failure? (Select all
that apply)
- Jugular Vein Distention
- Cough with Frothy Sputum
- Crackles Auscultated in Lungs
- Dyspnea - CORRECT ANSWER-- Cough with Frothy Sputum
- Crackles auscultated in lungs
- Dyspnea
Which medications would be used to treat a patient with heart failure?
- Antibiotics and Steroids
- Vitamin D and Calcium
- Calcium Channel Blockers and Zafron
- ACE Inhibitors and Beta-Blockers - CORRECT ANSWER-ACE inhibitors and Beta-
Blockers
Which of the following is often the cause of pulmonary embolism?
,- An autoimmune disorder
- A venous blood clot from lower extremity
- An increase in intracranial pressure
- Hypotension - CORRECT ANSWER-- A venous blood clot from lower extremity
Virchow's Triad contributes to pulmonary embolism formation. Virchow's Triad factors
include all of the following except:
- Venous Blood Stasis
- Damage to the venous wall
- Venous blood hypermobility
- Increased blood coagulability - CORRECT ANSWER-Venous blood hypermobility
How does unstable angina pectoris differ from stable angina pectoris?
- Can only be diagnosed by changes in cardiac biomarkers
- manifests in ECG changes only
- Is not relieved by periods of rest
- Not as serious as stable angina - CORRECT ANSWER-Not relieved by periods of rest
Which of the following organs are primarily affected by poorly managed hypertension?
- Bladder and Urethra
- Brain and Skin
- Heart and Kidneys
- Stomach and Intestines - CORRECT ANSWER-Heart and Kidneys
Management of hypertension involves multiple approaches including which of the
following?
- Dietary Modifications
- Engaging in regular exercise routines
- Prescribing diuretics and/or anti-hypertensives
- All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER-All of the above
When arterial blood pressure declines, the cells of the kidneys secrete a hormone called
___ to increase blood pressure and peripheral resistance.
- Renin
- Antidiuretic Hormone
- Atrial Natriuretic
- Erythropoietin - CORRECT ANSWER-Renin
Which of the following are examples of complications of shock? (Select all that apply)
- Multiple Organ Dysfunction
- Acute Renal Failure
- Clotting and Bleeding Disorders
- Increased Cardiac Output - CORRECT ANSWER-- Multiple Organ Dysfunction
- Acute renal failure
- Clotting and Bleeding disorders
, What pathophysiological responses would you expect to find in a client who has
anaphylactic shock?
- Bronchodilation, Peripheral constriction, Decreased capillary permeability
- Asthma, Deep vein thrombosis, hepatic encephalopathy
- Bronchoconstriction, peripheral dilation, increased capillary permeability
- Left-sided heart failure, pulmonary embolism, UTI - CORRECT ANSWER-
Bronchoconstriction, Peripheral Dilation, Increased Capillary Permeability
What is the cause of Cardiogenic Shock?
- Severe Ventricular Dysfunction
- Acute Blood Loss
- Severe Atrial Dysfunction
- Suppression of the Sympathetic Nervous System - CORRECT ANSWER-Severe
ventricular dysfunction
What is occurring in the body of clients with hypovolemic shock?
- Inadequate stomach acid
- Insufficient circulating blood volume
- Insect bite or snake bites
- Not taking enough diuretics - CORRECT ANSWER-Insufficient circulating blood
volume
Obstructive shock is due to a mechanical obstruction impeding blood flow. Cause of
obstructive shock include all of the following except?
- Spinal Cord Injury
- Pulmonary Embolism
- Cardiac Tamponade
- Tension Pneumothorax - CORRECT ANSWER-Spinal Cord Injury
Presentation of shock includes all of the following clinical findings except:
- Altered level of consciousness
- Hypotension
- Mental Clarity
- Tachycardia - CORRECT ANSWER-Mental Clarity
Septic shock is a common cause of death in the ICU. What causes sepsis?
- An overwhelming allergic reaction
- Severe inflammatory response to pathogens
- Unknown causes resulting in Hypertension
- Poor nursing and health care provider interventions - CORRECT ANSWER-Severe
inflammatory response to a pathogen
Which of the following is a type of septic shock?
- Cardiogenic Shock
- Distributive Shock
- Obstructive Shock
