Test Bank - Pilbeam’s Mechanical Ventilation-Physiological and Clinical Applications, 7th Edition (Cairo, 2020), Chapter 1-23 | All Chapters

,
,Chapter 1; Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation T
x x x x x x x x x


est Bank
x




MULTIPLE CHOICE x




1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the lungs is kn
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own as which of the following?
x x x x x



a. External respiration x



b. Internal respiration x



c. Spontaneous ventilation x



d. Mechanical ventilation x




ANS: C x


The conduction of air in and out of the body is known as ventilation. S
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ince the question asks for the body’s mechanism, this would be spont
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aneous ventilation. External respiration involves the exchange of ox
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ygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the pulm
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onary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the cellular level an
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d involves movement of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cell
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s.

DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 x x




2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
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a. Red blood cells and body cells x x x x x



b. Scalenes and trapezius x x


muscles
c. Alveoli and pulmonary x x


capillaries
d. External oblique and x x


transverse abdominal muscles x x




ANS: C x


External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dio
x x x x x x x x x


xide (CO2) between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Intern
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al respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves movement of o
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xygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
x x x x x x x


Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of inspiration.
x x x x x x x x x


External oblique and transverse abdominal muscles are accessory m
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uscles of expiration. x x

, DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 x x




3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during nor
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mal spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of the followi
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ng?
a.
b.
c.
d.


ANS: B x


During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure drops fro
x x x x x x x


m about -5 cm H2O at end-expiration to about -10 cm H2O at end-
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inspiration. The graph depicted for answer B shows that change fro
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m -5 cm H2O to -10 cm H2O.
x x x x x x x




DIF: 1 REF: pg. 4 x x




4. During spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (PA) is about:
x x x x x x x


.
a. - 1 cm H2O x x x



b. + 1 cm H2O x x x



c. 0 cm H2O x x



d. 5 cm H2O x x




ANS: A x


-
1 cm H2O is the lowest alveolar pressure will become during normal s
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pontaneous ventilation. During the exhalation of a normal spontane
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ous breath the alveolar pressure will become +1 cm H2O.
x x x x x x x x x




DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 x x




5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is known as wh
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ich of the following?
x x x



a. Transairway pressure (PTA ) x x x



b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) x x



c. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) x x