NR293 PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2 STUDY
GUIDE – 200+ QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS / GRADED A+ / GUARANTEED PASS!!
ADA FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE GOAL
- answer-80- 130 mg/dL
ADA GLYCEMIC GOAL
- answer-hemoglobin A1C level of less than 7%
ADDISON'S DISEASE
- answer-a condition where there is an *UNDERSECRETION* of adrenocortical
hormones
associated with:
- decreased blood sodium
- decreased glucose levels
- increased potassium levels
- dehydration
- weight loss
ALENDRONATE (FOSAMAX)
- answer-oral bisphosphonate
first non-estrogen/non-hormonal option for preventing bone loss
ALENDRONATE (FOSAMAX) - CONTRAINDICATIONS/PRECAUTIONS
- answer-dysphagia
esophagitis
esophageal ulcer
gastric ulcer
1|Page
,ALENDRONATE (FOSAMAX) - MECHANISM OF ACTION
- answer-inhibiting and/or reversing osteoclast-mediated bone resorption
ALENDRONATE (FOSAMAX) - PATIENT TEACHING
- answer-must be taken with 8 oz water
take this Rx in the morning upon waking
patient must not lie down for at least 30 minutes after taking Rx
if patient is unable to sit up for at least 30 minutes, Rx is discontinued
AMPHETAMINE (ADDERALL) - ADVERSE EFFECTS
- answer-increased heart rate/blood pressure
angina
anxiety
insomnia
headache
tremor
blurred vision
GI distress
dry mouth
AMPHETAMINE (ADDERALL)
- answer-used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy
AMPHETAMINE (ADDERALL) - CONTRAINDICATIONS
- answer-known drug allergy
cardiac structural abnormalities
can exacerbate marked anxiety/agitation
2|Page
,Tourette's Syndrome
hypertension
glaucoma
AMPHETAMINE (ADDERALL) - INTERACTIONS
- answer-*must not be used within 14 days of taking an MAOI*
AMPHETAMINE (ADDERALL) - MECHANISM OF ACTION
- answer-increase the effects of norepinephrine and dopamine in CNS synapses by
increasing their release and blocking their reuptake
ANTICHOLINERGICS - INDICATIONS
- answer-used for the prevention of bronchospasm associated with chronic bronchitis or
emphysema and NOT for the management of acute symptoms
ANTICHOLINERGICS - MECHANISM OF ACTION
- answer-On the surface of the bronchial tree are receptors for acetylcholine (ACh)
when ACh is released, it binds to the ACh receptors on the surface of the bronchial tree,
which results in bronchial constriction and narrowing of the airways
Anticholinergic drugs block these ACh receptors to prevent bronchoconstriction.
This indirectly causes airway relaxation and dilation.
Anticholinergic agents also help reduce secretions in COPD patients
ANTICHOLINERGICS FOR COPD
- answer-ipratropium (Atrovent)
tiotropium (Spiriva)
aclidinium (Tudorza)
umeclidinium and vilanterol (Anoro Ellipta)
ANTIDOTE FOR ACETAMINOPHEN OVERDOSE
- answer-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
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, must be administered as a loading dose followed by subsequent doses every 4 hours
for 17 additional doses
should be started as soon as possible after the acetaminophen ingestion (ideally within
12 hours)
has the flavor of rotten eggs; best to dilute with flavored water or soda
ANTIDOTE FOR OPIOID OVERDOSE
- answer-naloxone (Narcan)
narcotic antagonist that reverses effects, both adverse and therapeutic, of opioid
narcotic analgesics
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS - ADVERSE EFFECTS
- answer-agranulocytosis
hemolytic anemia
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
extrapyramidal symptoms
tardive kinesias
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS - CONTRAINDICATIONS
- answer-known drug allergy
significant CNS depression
brain damage
liver or kidney disease
blood dyscrasias
uncontrolled epilepsy
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS - INDICATIONS
- answer-Antipsychotic drugs are used to treat serious mental illnesses such as drug-
induced psychoses, schizophrenia, and autism.
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GUIDE – 200+ QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED
ANSWERS / GRADED A+ / GUARANTEED PASS!!
ADA FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE GOAL
- answer-80- 130 mg/dL
ADA GLYCEMIC GOAL
- answer-hemoglobin A1C level of less than 7%
ADDISON'S DISEASE
- answer-a condition where there is an *UNDERSECRETION* of adrenocortical
hormones
associated with:
- decreased blood sodium
- decreased glucose levels
- increased potassium levels
- dehydration
- weight loss
ALENDRONATE (FOSAMAX)
- answer-oral bisphosphonate
first non-estrogen/non-hormonal option for preventing bone loss
ALENDRONATE (FOSAMAX) - CONTRAINDICATIONS/PRECAUTIONS
- answer-dysphagia
esophagitis
esophageal ulcer
gastric ulcer
1|Page
,ALENDRONATE (FOSAMAX) - MECHANISM OF ACTION
- answer-inhibiting and/or reversing osteoclast-mediated bone resorption
ALENDRONATE (FOSAMAX) - PATIENT TEACHING
- answer-must be taken with 8 oz water
take this Rx in the morning upon waking
patient must not lie down for at least 30 minutes after taking Rx
if patient is unable to sit up for at least 30 minutes, Rx is discontinued
AMPHETAMINE (ADDERALL) - ADVERSE EFFECTS
- answer-increased heart rate/blood pressure
angina
anxiety
insomnia
headache
tremor
blurred vision
GI distress
dry mouth
AMPHETAMINE (ADDERALL)
- answer-used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy
AMPHETAMINE (ADDERALL) - CONTRAINDICATIONS
- answer-known drug allergy
cardiac structural abnormalities
can exacerbate marked anxiety/agitation
2|Page
,Tourette's Syndrome
hypertension
glaucoma
AMPHETAMINE (ADDERALL) - INTERACTIONS
- answer-*must not be used within 14 days of taking an MAOI*
AMPHETAMINE (ADDERALL) - MECHANISM OF ACTION
- answer-increase the effects of norepinephrine and dopamine in CNS synapses by
increasing their release and blocking their reuptake
ANTICHOLINERGICS - INDICATIONS
- answer-used for the prevention of bronchospasm associated with chronic bronchitis or
emphysema and NOT for the management of acute symptoms
ANTICHOLINERGICS - MECHANISM OF ACTION
- answer-On the surface of the bronchial tree are receptors for acetylcholine (ACh)
when ACh is released, it binds to the ACh receptors on the surface of the bronchial tree,
which results in bronchial constriction and narrowing of the airways
Anticholinergic drugs block these ACh receptors to prevent bronchoconstriction.
This indirectly causes airway relaxation and dilation.
Anticholinergic agents also help reduce secretions in COPD patients
ANTICHOLINERGICS FOR COPD
- answer-ipratropium (Atrovent)
tiotropium (Spiriva)
aclidinium (Tudorza)
umeclidinium and vilanterol (Anoro Ellipta)
ANTIDOTE FOR ACETAMINOPHEN OVERDOSE
- answer-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
3|Page
, must be administered as a loading dose followed by subsequent doses every 4 hours
for 17 additional doses
should be started as soon as possible after the acetaminophen ingestion (ideally within
12 hours)
has the flavor of rotten eggs; best to dilute with flavored water or soda
ANTIDOTE FOR OPIOID OVERDOSE
- answer-naloxone (Narcan)
narcotic antagonist that reverses effects, both adverse and therapeutic, of opioid
narcotic analgesics
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS - ADVERSE EFFECTS
- answer-agranulocytosis
hemolytic anemia
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
extrapyramidal symptoms
tardive kinesias
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS - CONTRAINDICATIONS
- answer-known drug allergy
significant CNS depression
brain damage
liver or kidney disease
blood dyscrasias
uncontrolled epilepsy
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS - INDICATIONS
- answer-Antipsychotic drugs are used to treat serious mental illnesses such as drug-
induced psychoses, schizophrenia, and autism.
4|Page
