Examl 3:l BIOl 201/l BIO201l (NEWl 2025/l
2026l Update)l Humanl Anatomyl andl
Physiologyl Il Review|l Questionsl &l
Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl
(Verifiedl Solutions)-l GCU
QUESTION
Restingl membranel potential
Answer:
duel tol sodiuml outsidel ofl celll andl potassiuml andl otherl anionsl insidel ofl celll (-90l mV)
QUESTION
Howl isl actionl potentiall caused?
Answer:
Stimulationl opensl sodiuml channels,l sodiuml rushingl intol thel celll andl potassiuml rushesl
out
QUESTION
Fourl musclel contractionl andl relaxation
Answer:
excitation,l excitation-contractionl coupling,l contraction,l relaxation
QUESTION
Excitation
Answer:
nervel actionl potentialsl leadl tol actionl potentialsl inl musclel fiber
,QUESTION
Excitation-contractionl coupling
Answer:
actionl potentialsl onl thel sarcolemmal activatel myofilaments
QUESTION
Contraction
Answer:
shorteningl ofl musclel fiber
QUESTION
Relaxation
Answer:
returnl tol restingl length
QUESTION
Neuromuscularl toxins
Answer:
pesticidesl andl flaccidl paralysis
QUESTION
Pesticides
Answer:
cholinesterasel inhibitors,l bindingl tol acetylcholinesterasel andl preventl itl froml degradingl
ACh,l spasticl paralysisl andl possiblel suffocation
QUESTION
Flaccidl paralysis
Answer:
, causedl byl toxinl ofl clostridiuml bacteria,l competesl withl ACh,l respiratoryl arrest
QUESTION
Myasthenial gravis
Answer:
autoimmunel diseasel wherel antibodiesl attackl NMJl andl bindl AChl receptosl inl clusters
QUESTION
Doesl myasthenial gravisl createl morel sensitivityl tol AChl orl less?
Answer:
Less
QUESTION
Whatl arel somel symptomsl ofl myasthenial gravis?
Answer:
Droopingl eyelids,l doublel vision,l difficultyl swallowing,l weaknessl ofl limbs
QUESTION
Rigorl Mortis
Answer:
musclesl stiffeningl 3l tol 4l hoursl afterl death
QUESTION
Whatl happensl tol thel calciuml froml thel SRl duringl Rigorl Mortis?
Answer:
Massivel releasel causesl myosinl crossl bridgel tol bind
QUESTION
Whyl doesl thel lackl ofl ATPl inl al deadl bodyl contributel tol Rigorl Mortis?
2026l Update)l Humanl Anatomyl andl
Physiologyl Il Review|l Questionsl &l
Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl
(Verifiedl Solutions)-l GCU
QUESTION
Restingl membranel potential
Answer:
duel tol sodiuml outsidel ofl celll andl potassiuml andl otherl anionsl insidel ofl celll (-90l mV)
QUESTION
Howl isl actionl potentiall caused?
Answer:
Stimulationl opensl sodiuml channels,l sodiuml rushingl intol thel celll andl potassiuml rushesl
out
QUESTION
Fourl musclel contractionl andl relaxation
Answer:
excitation,l excitation-contractionl coupling,l contraction,l relaxation
QUESTION
Excitation
Answer:
nervel actionl potentialsl leadl tol actionl potentialsl inl musclel fiber
,QUESTION
Excitation-contractionl coupling
Answer:
actionl potentialsl onl thel sarcolemmal activatel myofilaments
QUESTION
Contraction
Answer:
shorteningl ofl musclel fiber
QUESTION
Relaxation
Answer:
returnl tol restingl length
QUESTION
Neuromuscularl toxins
Answer:
pesticidesl andl flaccidl paralysis
QUESTION
Pesticides
Answer:
cholinesterasel inhibitors,l bindingl tol acetylcholinesterasel andl preventl itl froml degradingl
ACh,l spasticl paralysisl andl possiblel suffocation
QUESTION
Flaccidl paralysis
Answer:
, causedl byl toxinl ofl clostridiuml bacteria,l competesl withl ACh,l respiratoryl arrest
QUESTION
Myasthenial gravis
Answer:
autoimmunel diseasel wherel antibodiesl attackl NMJl andl bindl AChl receptosl inl clusters
QUESTION
Doesl myasthenial gravisl createl morel sensitivityl tol AChl orl less?
Answer:
Less
QUESTION
Whatl arel somel symptomsl ofl myasthenial gravis?
Answer:
Droopingl eyelids,l doublel vision,l difficultyl swallowing,l weaknessl ofl limbs
QUESTION
Rigorl Mortis
Answer:
musclesl stiffeningl 3l tol 4l hoursl afterl death
QUESTION
Whatl happensl tol thel calciuml froml thel SRl duringl Rigorl Mortis?
Answer:
Massivel releasel causesl myosinl crossl bridgel tol bind
QUESTION
Whyl doesl thel lackl ofl ATPl inl al deadl bodyl contributel tol Rigorl Mortis?
