Examl 1:l BIOl 202/l BIO202l (NEWl 2025/l
2026l Update)l Humanl Anatomyl andl
Physiologyl IIl Guide|l Questionsl &l
Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl
(Verifiedl Solutions)-l GCU
QUESTION
Whatl wouldl bel thel resultl ofl anl iodinel deficiencyl inl individual'sl diet?
Answer:
Goiter
QUESTION
Whatl anatomicall structuresl inl thel neckl wouldl bel affectedl byl goiter?
Answer:
Thyroidl gland
QUESTION
Whyl doesl anl individuall whol isl hypothyroidl developl goiter?
Answer:
-Thisl isl becausel wheneverl therel isl notl enoughl iodinel inl thel body,l thel thyroidl isl notl
workingl properlyl tol producel thel correctl amountl ofl hormones.l Swellingl willl occur.
QUESTION
,Describel thel anatomicall locationl ofl thel parathyroidl glands.
Answer:
-4l tinyl massesl onl thel posteriorl ofl thel thyroid
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel otherl namesl forl parafollicularl cellsl ofl thel thyroidl gland?
Answer:
cl cells
QUESTION
PTHl is?
Answer:
Parathyroidl hormone
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel fourl effectsl ofl PTH?
Answer:
-Stimulatesl osteoclasts
-Inhibitsl osteoblasts
-l Itl enhancesl reabsorptionl ofl Ca2+l atl kidneys,l reducingl urinaryl loss
-Stimulatesl formationl andl secretionl ofl calcitrioll (usedl tol treatl calciuml deficiency)l atl
kidneys
QUESTION
Describel thel anatomicall locationl ofl thel adrenall glands
, Answer:
-Liel alongl superiorl borderl ofl eachl kidney
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel majorl hormonesl (andl theirl associatedl functions)l ofl thel adrenall cortex?l
a.l Zonal glomerulosal
b.l Zonal fasciculate
c.l Zonal reticularis
Answer:
Zonal Glomerulosa:l Makesl Mineralcorticoids
-*Stimulatesl conservationl ofl sodiuml ions*
-*Eliminationl ofl potassium*
-Increasesl sensitivityl ofl saltl receptorsl inl tastel buds
Zonal Fasciculate:l Makesl Glucocorticoidsl
-Producesl glucocorticoidsl underl stimulationl byl ACTH
-Acceleratesl glucosel synthesisl andl glycogenl formationl (lowersl bloodl sugar)l
Zonal Reticularis:l Makesl Androgensl
-Networkl ofl endocrinel cellsl
-Formsl narrowl bandl borderingl eachl adrenall medullal
-Producesl androgensl underl stimulationl byl ACTH
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel majorl hormonesl (andl theirl associatedl functions)l ofl thel adrenall medulla?
Answer:
-Epinephrine:l 75%-80%l ofl medullaryl secretionsl
-Norepinephrine:l 20%-25%l ofl medullaryl secretions
2026l Update)l Humanl Anatomyl andl
Physiologyl IIl Guide|l Questionsl &l
Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl
(Verifiedl Solutions)-l GCU
QUESTION
Whatl wouldl bel thel resultl ofl anl iodinel deficiencyl inl individual'sl diet?
Answer:
Goiter
QUESTION
Whatl anatomicall structuresl inl thel neckl wouldl bel affectedl byl goiter?
Answer:
Thyroidl gland
QUESTION
Whyl doesl anl individuall whol isl hypothyroidl developl goiter?
Answer:
-Thisl isl becausel wheneverl therel isl notl enoughl iodinel inl thel body,l thel thyroidl isl notl
workingl properlyl tol producel thel correctl amountl ofl hormones.l Swellingl willl occur.
QUESTION
,Describel thel anatomicall locationl ofl thel parathyroidl glands.
Answer:
-4l tinyl massesl onl thel posteriorl ofl thel thyroid
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel otherl namesl forl parafollicularl cellsl ofl thel thyroidl gland?
Answer:
cl cells
QUESTION
PTHl is?
Answer:
Parathyroidl hormone
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel fourl effectsl ofl PTH?
Answer:
-Stimulatesl osteoclasts
-Inhibitsl osteoblasts
-l Itl enhancesl reabsorptionl ofl Ca2+l atl kidneys,l reducingl urinaryl loss
-Stimulatesl formationl andl secretionl ofl calcitrioll (usedl tol treatl calciuml deficiency)l atl
kidneys
QUESTION
Describel thel anatomicall locationl ofl thel adrenall glands
, Answer:
-Liel alongl superiorl borderl ofl eachl kidney
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel majorl hormonesl (andl theirl associatedl functions)l ofl thel adrenall cortex?l
a.l Zonal glomerulosal
b.l Zonal fasciculate
c.l Zonal reticularis
Answer:
Zonal Glomerulosa:l Makesl Mineralcorticoids
-*Stimulatesl conservationl ofl sodiuml ions*
-*Eliminationl ofl potassium*
-Increasesl sensitivityl ofl saltl receptorsl inl tastel buds
Zonal Fasciculate:l Makesl Glucocorticoidsl
-Producesl glucocorticoidsl underl stimulationl byl ACTH
-Acceleratesl glucosel synthesisl andl glycogenl formationl (lowersl bloodl sugar)l
Zonal Reticularis:l Makesl Androgensl
-Networkl ofl endocrinel cellsl
-Formsl narrowl bandl borderingl eachl adrenall medullal
-Producesl androgensl underl stimulationl byl ACTH
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel majorl hormonesl (andl theirl associatedl functions)l ofl thel adrenall medulla?
Answer:
-Epinephrine:l 75%-80%l ofl medullaryl secretionsl
-Norepinephrine:l 20%-25%l ofl medullaryl secretions
