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Chapter01:HistoryofMassage:PrehistoricTimestotheModernEra,and Professional l l l bg
Societies,Organizations,andAssociations Salvo:MassageTherapy,6thEdition l bg l
MULTIPLECHOICE
1. Whichmethod isdefined asmanualmanipulationo fsofttissue usingpressureandtraction fortherape
l l l l l b g b
g utic,palliative,and recreationalpurposes? l
a. Acupuncture
b. Ayurveda
c. Polaritytherapy
d. Massagetherapy
ANS: D bg
Massagetherapyisasamethodofmanipulatingsoft t issueusingpressureand tractionfortherap l l l b
eutic,palliative,andrecreationalpurposes.
g b g
2. WhichoriginforthewordmassageisGreek?
a. Mashesh
b. Massoc.
Masserd.
Makeh
ANS: B bg
Theoriginoftheword massage isunclear,butcanbetracedtonumeroussources:theHebrew l b g b
mashesh,theGreek massoand massin,theLatinmassa,theArabicmass’h, the Sanskrit make
h,andtheFrenchmasser. TESTBANKSELLER.COM
g l l bg l bg bg l bg
l
3. Whenistheearliest theterm massage was used bymost European-based cultures?
l l l b g l l l l
a. 1600sb.
1700sc. 1 bg
800sd. 19 b g
00s
ANS: C bg
Bytheearly1800s,thetermmassage was usedbymost European- l l l
basedcultures.Historically, massagewasreferredtobyitstechniquessuchas frictionorsimply l l b g
b rubbing.
g
4. Thefirst writtenrecords ofmassagedatebackto 3000BCinwhichcountry?
l l l l l l
a. India
b. Chinac. bg
Egypt d. G bg b
greece
ANS: B bg
Earlyrecords haverevealedthat thepracticeofmassagegoesbacktoChina,as earlyas3000 BC
l l bg l l bg
.Acupuncturewas notmentioned inChinese writings until90 BC.
bg l l
5. WhichworkiscommonlyreferredtoastheclassicscriptureoftraditionalChinese medicine? l
a. TaoTeChing
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
, TESTBANKSELLER.COM
b. NeiChing
c. Ayur-Veda
d. CorpusHippocraticum
ANS: B bg
At thetimeofHwangTi, various ideasa ndbeliefs werecompiled underthenameoftheYellowEmp er
l l bg l l bg
or(died in2599BC)whichbecametheclassicscriptureoftraditionalChinese medicineknownas theN
l l l l l bg
eiChang.TheNeiChangwaswrittenabout 2760 BC,and this workcontainsdetaileddescripti onsof
l l bg l bg
massageproceduresaswellasherbalmedicines.
6. Whatistheoriginalmassagetechnique inChinaandtheprecursortomanualandenergetictherapi
l l l b g b g
es?
a. Polarity
b. Shiatsu
c. Acupuncture
d. Amma
ANS: D bg
Ammaisregardedast heoriginalmassage techniqueandprecursortoallotherChinesethera
l l l b g pi
es,manualandenergetic.
7. Whichhealingmethod is basedonHindutradition? l l
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsuc. b
gAmma d. P bg bg
olarity
ANS: A bg
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Knowledgeofamma massagetraveledtothesubcontinentofIndiafromChinaand massage beca l b g b g
mepartofHindutradition.Massage isdescribed inIndia’s first great medicalworks,the Ayur- l l l bg l l
Vedabooksofwisdom(about1800BC)andrecommend itasanalmostindispensable healingproc
bg l l l l b g
edure.
8. Whichmethod isJapanesebutbasedonChinesemedicineconcepts,andusesappliedpressureo fthet
l l l b g b g
humbs,elbows,andotherpartsofthebody? l
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Massage
d. Amma
ANS: B bg
ShiatsuisaJapanese methodbasedonthesametraditionalChinesemedicineconceptsasacupun ctu
l l l l bg
re.Acupuncturists use needlesatspecific points tobalancethe flowofenergy; shiatsutherapis ts us l l bg bg l
etheirfingers,thumbs,forearms,andelbows,andevent heirknees and feet. l l
9. Whoisgenerallyrecognizedas the fatherofmodernWesternmedicine? l
a. Galen b.
bg l bg
Celsus c. R l bg b
hazes
g
d. Hippocrates
b g
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, TESTBANKSELLER.COM
ANS: D bg
Hippocrates wasknowntobeafineclinician, founderofa medicalschool,authorof
l numerousbooks,and l l b g b g l
advocatedtheuseofmassageor“rubbing.”His worksarecollectively knownastheCorpusHippocratic l b g b g
um,andsummarizedmucho fwhatwasknownabout diseaseand medicine intheancientworld.Hippocratl l b g b g l l
esis generallyrecognizedasthe fatherofmoder
l nWesternmedicine,and hebelievedthatphysicians s h
l l b g b g l l l l
ouldavoidcausingharm topatients. l l
10. WhowrotetheCanonofMedicine,themost famousbookinthe historyofmedicine inboththeEast l l l b g b g
andtheWest?
a. Rhazes
b. Celsus
c. Avicenna
d. Hippocrates
ANS: C bg
Atextentitled bg
orCanonofMedicinewaswrittenbyoneofthe greatestPersianphysiciansofhisera,Avicenna(98 l b g b
g0-
1037).HewasalsoknownasIbnSina.TheCanonofMedicine isthe most famousbook inthe histor l l l l l b g b g yofm
edicineinboththeEast andtheWest. l l l
11. Whichindividualdiscussedtheeffectsofmassageand used frictiononjoints inthe1500s? l l
a. Paré
b. Harvey
c. Galen
d. Mezger
ANS: A bg
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
AmbroiseParé(1515-
1590)wasafamous Frenchsurgeonwho was amongtheearliestindividualsinthiseratodisc
bg l bg bg
usstheeffectsofmassage.Healso usedfrictiontotreatdislocatedjointsandotherorthopedic con l l bg
ditions.
12. Whowasthefirstknownscientisttodemonstratethat b loodcirculationdueto muscularcontra
l l l b g b g
ctionoftheheart?
a. Paré
b. Galen
c. Harvey
d. Mezger
ANS: C bg
Englishscientist W illiamHarvey(1578– l
1657)discoveredthecirculationofbloodin1628.Harveyobservedthe heartso flivinganimalsa
l l l b
g nddeterminedt hat muscularcontraction
b g l l l
(systole)pumpedbloodt hrougharteriesand veins.Thisdiscoveryenhancedtheacceptanceofmass
l l l b g b g ageas
atherapeuticmeasure.
13. WhodevelopedtheSwedishMovementCure,which includedtheuseofmassage? l
a. JohannMezger
b. PehrH.Ling bg
c. GeorgeHenryTaylor
d. JohnHarveyKellogg l
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
, TESTBANKSELLER.COM
ANS: B bg
LingdevelopedhisownsystemofmedicalorSwedishgymnasticsandexercise,knownas the Lin
l l l bg
gSystem,SwedishMovements,orSwedishMovement Cure.ThetermSwedishmassage wasus l l bg
edtodescribethemassagecomponentofLing’ssystem.
14. Whichtermdescribesacomponent oftheLingSystem?
l l bg
a. Shiatsu
b. Ayurveda
c. Thaimassage
d. Swedishmassage
ANS: D bg
Theterm“Swedishmassage”wasusedtodescribethe massagecomponent o fLing’ssystem.Forth l b g b
gis reason,Lingisoftenregardedasthe fatherofSwedishmassage.
l bg l
15. Whichindividualiscreditedwithhavingintroduced Frenchtermsstillinusetodescribe massa gete l l bg
chniques?
a. JohannMezger b.
bg bg
WilliamHarveyc. P bg bg
ehrH.Ling
d. Charles Taylor
bg l
ANS: A bg
TheDutchphysicianJohannMezger(1838–
l
1909)iscreditedwithhavingintroducedtheFrenchterminologystillusedtodescribe massagetech
l niqu l l l l b g b g
es(e.g.,effleurage,pétrissage,tapotement)thatarec urrentlyused inmassage legislationand
l massag l l l lb g b g b g
ecurricula.Frenchwastheinternationallanguageinthenineteenthcentury.
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
16. Whoisthefounderofmodernnursing, whichincludedmassageaspartofcare? b g
a. TiffanyField
b. FlorenceNightingale
c. Charles FayetteTaylor l
d. JohnHarveyKellogg l
ANS: B bg
FlorenceNightingale(1829-
1910) fromEngland was the founderof modernnursing.She assumedpatient careinhospitals i n
l l l bg l l bg l
TurkeyduringtheCrimeanWar(1853-
1856).Shedevelopedastandardofcareforsoldiers,whichmassagewasanintegralpartof. l l
17. FrenchphysicianLucas-
Championniereused massageandexercisetotreatsoldiers injuredduringwhiche vent?
l l l l
a. WorldWarIb. Worl
b g l bg
dWarII c. Ci vilWar l b g bg
d. Viet NamWar
bg l l
ANS: A bg
WorldWarIprovidedcountlessopportunitiesforthe useofmassageandexercisetorehabili
l l b g b g
tateinjuredsoldiers.FrenchphysicianJust Lucas-Championniere(1843- bg
1913)advocatedfortheuseofmassageandpassive movementstotreatsofttissue injuries,p
l l b g b g a
rticularlyfractures.
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
Chapter01:HistoryofMassage:PrehistoricTimestotheModernEra,and Professional l l l bg
Societies,Organizations,andAssociations Salvo:MassageTherapy,6thEdition l bg l
MULTIPLECHOICE
1. Whichmethod isdefined asmanualmanipulationo fsofttissue usingpressureandtraction fortherape
l l l l l b g b
g utic,palliative,and recreationalpurposes? l
a. Acupuncture
b. Ayurveda
c. Polaritytherapy
d. Massagetherapy
ANS: D bg
Massagetherapyisasamethodofmanipulatingsoft t issueusingpressureand tractionfortherap l l l b
eutic,palliative,andrecreationalpurposes.
g b g
2. WhichoriginforthewordmassageisGreek?
a. Mashesh
b. Massoc.
Masserd.
Makeh
ANS: B bg
Theoriginoftheword massage isunclear,butcanbetracedtonumeroussources:theHebrew l b g b
mashesh,theGreek massoand massin,theLatinmassa,theArabicmass’h, the Sanskrit make
h,andtheFrenchmasser. TESTBANKSELLER.COM
g l l bg l bg bg l bg
l
3. Whenistheearliest theterm massage was used bymost European-based cultures?
l l l b g l l l l
a. 1600sb.
1700sc. 1 bg
800sd. 19 b g
00s
ANS: C bg
Bytheearly1800s,thetermmassage was usedbymost European- l l l
basedcultures.Historically, massagewasreferredtobyitstechniquessuchas frictionorsimply l l b g
b rubbing.
g
4. Thefirst writtenrecords ofmassagedatebackto 3000BCinwhichcountry?
l l l l l l
a. India
b. Chinac. bg
Egypt d. G bg b
greece
ANS: B bg
Earlyrecords haverevealedthat thepracticeofmassagegoesbacktoChina,as earlyas3000 BC
l l bg l l bg
.Acupuncturewas notmentioned inChinese writings until90 BC.
bg l l
5. WhichworkiscommonlyreferredtoastheclassicscriptureoftraditionalChinese medicine? l
a. TaoTeChing
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
, TESTBANKSELLER.COM
b. NeiChing
c. Ayur-Veda
d. CorpusHippocraticum
ANS: B bg
At thetimeofHwangTi, various ideasa ndbeliefs werecompiled underthenameoftheYellowEmp er
l l bg l l bg
or(died in2599BC)whichbecametheclassicscriptureoftraditionalChinese medicineknownas theN
l l l l l bg
eiChang.TheNeiChangwaswrittenabout 2760 BC,and this workcontainsdetaileddescripti onsof
l l bg l bg
massageproceduresaswellasherbalmedicines.
6. Whatistheoriginalmassagetechnique inChinaandtheprecursortomanualandenergetictherapi
l l l b g b g
es?
a. Polarity
b. Shiatsu
c. Acupuncture
d. Amma
ANS: D bg
Ammaisregardedast heoriginalmassage techniqueandprecursortoallotherChinesethera
l l l b g pi
es,manualandenergetic.
7. Whichhealingmethod is basedonHindutradition? l l
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsuc. b
gAmma d. P bg bg
olarity
ANS: A bg
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
Knowledgeofamma massagetraveledtothesubcontinentofIndiafromChinaand massage beca l b g b g
mepartofHindutradition.Massage isdescribed inIndia’s first great medicalworks,the Ayur- l l l bg l l
Vedabooksofwisdom(about1800BC)andrecommend itasanalmostindispensable healingproc
bg l l l l b g
edure.
8. Whichmethod isJapanesebutbasedonChinesemedicineconcepts,andusesappliedpressureo fthet
l l l b g b g
humbs,elbows,andotherpartsofthebody? l
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Massage
d. Amma
ANS: B bg
ShiatsuisaJapanese methodbasedonthesametraditionalChinesemedicineconceptsasacupun ctu
l l l l bg
re.Acupuncturists use needlesatspecific points tobalancethe flowofenergy; shiatsutherapis ts us l l bg bg l
etheirfingers,thumbs,forearms,andelbows,andevent heirknees and feet. l l
9. Whoisgenerallyrecognizedas the fatherofmodernWesternmedicine? l
a. Galen b.
bg l bg
Celsus c. R l bg b
hazes
g
d. Hippocrates
b g
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
, TESTBANKSELLER.COM
ANS: D bg
Hippocrates wasknowntobeafineclinician, founderofa medicalschool,authorof
l numerousbooks,and l l b g b g l
advocatedtheuseofmassageor“rubbing.”His worksarecollectively knownastheCorpusHippocratic l b g b g
um,andsummarizedmucho fwhatwasknownabout diseaseand medicine intheancientworld.Hippocratl l b g b g l l
esis generallyrecognizedasthe fatherofmoder
l nWesternmedicine,and hebelievedthatphysicians s h
l l b g b g l l l l
ouldavoidcausingharm topatients. l l
10. WhowrotetheCanonofMedicine,themost famousbookinthe historyofmedicine inboththeEast l l l b g b g
andtheWest?
a. Rhazes
b. Celsus
c. Avicenna
d. Hippocrates
ANS: C bg
Atextentitled bg
orCanonofMedicinewaswrittenbyoneofthe greatestPersianphysiciansofhisera,Avicenna(98 l b g b
g0-
1037).HewasalsoknownasIbnSina.TheCanonofMedicine isthe most famousbook inthe histor l l l l l b g b g yofm
edicineinboththeEast andtheWest. l l l
11. Whichindividualdiscussedtheeffectsofmassageand used frictiononjoints inthe1500s? l l
a. Paré
b. Harvey
c. Galen
d. Mezger
ANS: A bg
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
AmbroiseParé(1515-
1590)wasafamous Frenchsurgeonwho was amongtheearliestindividualsinthiseratodisc
bg l bg bg
usstheeffectsofmassage.Healso usedfrictiontotreatdislocatedjointsandotherorthopedic con l l bg
ditions.
12. Whowasthefirstknownscientisttodemonstratethat b loodcirculationdueto muscularcontra
l l l b g b g
ctionoftheheart?
a. Paré
b. Galen
c. Harvey
d. Mezger
ANS: C bg
Englishscientist W illiamHarvey(1578– l
1657)discoveredthecirculationofbloodin1628.Harveyobservedthe heartso flivinganimalsa
l l l b
g nddeterminedt hat muscularcontraction
b g l l l
(systole)pumpedbloodt hrougharteriesand veins.Thisdiscoveryenhancedtheacceptanceofmass
l l l b g b g ageas
atherapeuticmeasure.
13. WhodevelopedtheSwedishMovementCure,which includedtheuseofmassage? l
a. JohannMezger
b. PehrH.Ling bg
c. GeorgeHenryTaylor
d. JohnHarveyKellogg l
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
, TESTBANKSELLER.COM
ANS: B bg
LingdevelopedhisownsystemofmedicalorSwedishgymnasticsandexercise,knownas the Lin
l l l bg
gSystem,SwedishMovements,orSwedishMovement Cure.ThetermSwedishmassage wasus l l bg
edtodescribethemassagecomponentofLing’ssystem.
14. Whichtermdescribesacomponent oftheLingSystem?
l l bg
a. Shiatsu
b. Ayurveda
c. Thaimassage
d. Swedishmassage
ANS: D bg
Theterm“Swedishmassage”wasusedtodescribethe massagecomponent o fLing’ssystem.Forth l b g b
gis reason,Lingisoftenregardedasthe fatherofSwedishmassage.
l bg l
15. Whichindividualiscreditedwithhavingintroduced Frenchtermsstillinusetodescribe massa gete l l bg
chniques?
a. JohannMezger b.
bg bg
WilliamHarveyc. P bg bg
ehrH.Ling
d. Charles Taylor
bg l
ANS: A bg
TheDutchphysicianJohannMezger(1838–
l
1909)iscreditedwithhavingintroducedtheFrenchterminologystillusedtodescribe massagetech
l niqu l l l l b g b g
es(e.g.,effleurage,pétrissage,tapotement)thatarec urrentlyused inmassage legislationand
l massag l l l lb g b g b g
ecurricula.Frenchwastheinternationallanguageinthenineteenthcentury.
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
16. Whoisthefounderofmodernnursing, whichincludedmassageaspartofcare? b g
a. TiffanyField
b. FlorenceNightingale
c. Charles FayetteTaylor l
d. JohnHarveyKellogg l
ANS: B bg
FlorenceNightingale(1829-
1910) fromEngland was the founderof modernnursing.She assumedpatient careinhospitals i n
l l l bg l l bg l
TurkeyduringtheCrimeanWar(1853-
1856).Shedevelopedastandardofcareforsoldiers,whichmassagewasanintegralpartof. l l
17. FrenchphysicianLucas-
Championniereused massageandexercisetotreatsoldiers injuredduringwhiche vent?
l l l l
a. WorldWarIb. Worl
b g l bg
dWarII c. Ci vilWar l b g bg
d. Viet NamWar
bg l l
ANS: A bg
WorldWarIprovidedcountlessopportunitiesforthe useofmassageandexercisetorehabili
l l b g b g
tateinjuredsoldiers.FrenchphysicianJust Lucas-Championniere(1843- bg
1913)advocatedfortheuseofmassageandpassive movementstotreatsofttissue injuries,p
l l b g b g a
rticularlyfractures.
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
