HMX Pharmacology Exam Questions and Answers Fully Solved Latest Update

HMX Pharmacology Exam Questions and Answers Fully Solved Latest Update The esophagous is a flattened muscular tube approximately ___ cm in length in adults. (Basics) - Answers 25 cm The stomach has a ph between __ and __. (Basics) - Answers 1.5 and 3.5 Length small intestine in adults (Basics) - Answers 5 m The large intestine is a tube about ___ m in length in adults. (Basics) - Answers 1.5 m Oral medication: A ___ is a liquid mixture that contains small, solid drug particles floating inside. (Basics) - Answers Suspension Oral medication: A __ is a liquid mixture in which the drug particles are fully dissolved in a solvent. (Basics) - Answers Solution An __ is a drug dissolved in an alcohol. an elixir is a drug dissolved in an alcohol. (Basics) - Answers Elixir A __ is a drug dissolved in a sugar based liquid. (Basics) - Answers Syrup The __ is the circulation of blood from the abdominal organs to the liver, which detoxifies substances entering the body from the GI tract. (Basics) - Answers portal circulation This portal circulation passes from the veins surrounding the GI tract into the__, which delivers blood to the liver. Finally, the veins draining the liver deliver blood into the hepatic vein which returns the blood, via the ___, to the heart and eventually into the systemic circulation. (Basics) - Answers hepatic portal vein/ inferior vena cava A chemical reaction where two molecules covalently join, resulting in the loss of a small molecule of water. (Basics) - Answers condensation reaction A chemical reaction where a molecule of water is incorporated into another molecule, which is consequently split into two parts. (Basics) - Answers hydrolisis reaction Hydrolysis reactions are catalyzed by a broad class of enzymes called hydrolases, which includes __, __, __ (Basics) - Answers lipases, proteases, and nucleases. A chemical reaction in which a small, polar, endogenous molecule is joined to another molecule. (Basics) - Answers conjugation Reduction and oxidation reactions involve the transfer of electrons. In __ reaction , a molecule loses electrons (Basics) - Answers oxidation Reduction and oxidation reactions involve the transfer of electrons. In __ reaction, a molecule gains electrons (Basics) - Answers reduction The cells that line the intestines are referred to as the__ which have a specialized role in the absorption of nutrients (Basics) - Answers intestinal epithelial cells The kidneys filter the blood and produce a __ which is similar in composition to plasma. It is this filtrate that will, after modification by the functional units of the kidneys, form the urine. (Basics) - Answers filtrate One of the main difference between the plasma and the filtrate is that the filtrate has no __ since they are too large to pass from the plasma to the filtrate when blood is filtered in the kidneys (Basics) - Answers proteins Nephores are between the __ and the __ of the kidney (Basics) - Answers cortex and the medula On avarage there are __ nephrones per kidney per adult (Basics) - Answers 1,400, 000 The plasma enters the nephron through the __ (Basics) - Answers afferent arteriole All filtrate from the nephron will eventually be transported through the collecting duct into the __, which drains the filtrate out of the kidney into the ureter. (Basics) - Answers renal pelvis Small molecule drugs are defined by having a molecular mass of ____ Daltons or less - Answers 900 daltons Small molecule drugs are typically given __ - Answers orally The amount of drug that is available in the systemic circulation - Answers Bioavailable Pharmacokinetics involves these processes: (ADME) - Answers Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion The maximum concentration of drug achieved in the bloodstream is called: __ - Answers Cmax __ is the time when the maximum concentration of a drug is archived - Answers Tmax A concentration corresponding to half the maximal concentration of drug in the bloodstream. - Answers C50 __ is the lengh of time between the C50 and the cmax, which indicates the time it tkes for 50% of the drug to be removed from the plasma after it reaches its maximum concentration - Answers T half (elimination half life) __ is the mecanism of transportation of a drug when the drug pases from an area of high concentraition to an area with low concentration - Answers passive difusion __ law states that a higher or grater surface area and a higher of greater concentration gradient is going to result in a higher rate of diffusion, whereas a larger diffusion distant is going to result in slower rate of diffusion - Answers Fick's law Mechanism of transport used by a drug to be absorbed in the GI: __, __, __ - Answers passi