Week 1 Study Guide
ANAT 260 OL
Blezinski
Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 4
Chapter 1
● Anatomy: Study of body structure.
● Physiology Study of body functions.
● Cytology: Study of cells.
● Histology: Study of tissues.
● Gross Anatomy:
o Surface anatomy: Study of surface markings.
o Regional anatomy: Study of specific body areas.
o Systemic anatomy: Study of organ systems.
● Levels of organization:
o Chemical/Molecular: This is the simplest level, involving atoms and
molecules that make up the building blocks of cells.
o Cell: The smallest functional unit of life, such as a muscle cell or nerve
cell.
o Tissue: Groups of similar cells working together, like muscle tissue
(movement) or nervous tissue (signals).
o Organ level: Structures made of multiple tissues performing specific
functions, such as the heart (pumping blood).
o Organ System level: Groups of organs working together, like the
cardiovascular system (heart and blood vessels circulating blood).
o Organism: The complete living being, where all systems work together to
maintain life (e.g., a human).
o What level is the most complex? organism
o What level is the least complex? chemical/ molecular
, ● Understand the general functions & components of all the organ systems in the
body
o i.e. the heart, arteries, capillary beds, and veins are all part of the
cardiovascular system and the CV system is responsible for pumping
blood throughout the body delivering oxygen and nutrients to all the
tissues.
o General Function of the Cardiovascular System:
The cardiovascular system is responsible for pumping blood throughout
the body. This ensures oxygen and nutrients are delivered to all tissues.
o Components of the Cardiovascular System:
▪ Heart: Acts as the pump that moves blood.
▪ Arteries: Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the rest
of the body.
▪ Capillary Beds: Tiny blood vessels where oxygen and nutrients
are exchanged with tissues.
▪ Veins: Carry oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart.
In simple terms, this system is like a delivery service:
● The heart is the engine.
● Arteries are the highways that deliver oxygen and nutrients.
● Capillaries are the drop-off points where the delivery is made to tissues.
● Veins are the return route, bringing used materials back to the heart.
● Anatomical position (what is it?)
o Supine vs. Prone
Supine- lying face up
Prone - lying face down
● Anatomical language/regions of the body
o Cranial - skull
o Oral - mouth
o Orbit - eye cavity
o Mental - chin
o Buccal - cheek
o Cervical - neck
o Brachial - upper arm
o Antecubital - front of the elbow
ANAT 260 OL
Blezinski
Chapters 1, 2, 3, and 4
Chapter 1
● Anatomy: Study of body structure.
● Physiology Study of body functions.
● Cytology: Study of cells.
● Histology: Study of tissues.
● Gross Anatomy:
o Surface anatomy: Study of surface markings.
o Regional anatomy: Study of specific body areas.
o Systemic anatomy: Study of organ systems.
● Levels of organization:
o Chemical/Molecular: This is the simplest level, involving atoms and
molecules that make up the building blocks of cells.
o Cell: The smallest functional unit of life, such as a muscle cell or nerve
cell.
o Tissue: Groups of similar cells working together, like muscle tissue
(movement) or nervous tissue (signals).
o Organ level: Structures made of multiple tissues performing specific
functions, such as the heart (pumping blood).
o Organ System level: Groups of organs working together, like the
cardiovascular system (heart and blood vessels circulating blood).
o Organism: The complete living being, where all systems work together to
maintain life (e.g., a human).
o What level is the most complex? organism
o What level is the least complex? chemical/ molecular
, ● Understand the general functions & components of all the organ systems in the
body
o i.e. the heart, arteries, capillary beds, and veins are all part of the
cardiovascular system and the CV system is responsible for pumping
blood throughout the body delivering oxygen and nutrients to all the
tissues.
o General Function of the Cardiovascular System:
The cardiovascular system is responsible for pumping blood throughout
the body. This ensures oxygen and nutrients are delivered to all tissues.
o Components of the Cardiovascular System:
▪ Heart: Acts as the pump that moves blood.
▪ Arteries: Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the rest
of the body.
▪ Capillary Beds: Tiny blood vessels where oxygen and nutrients
are exchanged with tissues.
▪ Veins: Carry oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart.
In simple terms, this system is like a delivery service:
● The heart is the engine.
● Arteries are the highways that deliver oxygen and nutrients.
● Capillaries are the drop-off points where the delivery is made to tissues.
● Veins are the return route, bringing used materials back to the heart.
● Anatomical position (what is it?)
o Supine vs. Prone
Supine- lying face up
Prone - lying face down
● Anatomical language/regions of the body
o Cranial - skull
o Oral - mouth
o Orbit - eye cavity
o Mental - chin
o Buccal - cheek
o Cervical - neck
o Brachial - upper arm
o Antecubital - front of the elbow
