Ultimate Cisco CCNA Study Guide for IT
Networking: Exam Prep, Certification Tips, and
Real-World Practice for 2025
Question 1: What is a common use for a default static route?
a) To connect two internal networks within an enterprise
b) To provide redundant paths for high availability
c) To connect the edge router of a company to an ISP network
d) To distribute routing information between different routing protocols
Correct Answer: c) Connect the edge router of a company to an ISP network
Rationale: A default static route (0.0.0.0/0) is typically used to direct all traffic for unknown
destinations to a single exit point, such as an ISP. This is efficient as the internal router doesn't
need to know every single route on the internet.
Question 2: Before static or dynamic routing can be used, what must a routing table contain?
a) Default static routes
b) Directly connected networks
c) Routes learned via OSPF
d) Routes to all possible destinations
Correct Answer: b) Directly connected networks
Rationale: A router must first be aware of its own directly connected networks to be able to
send and receive traffic. Without this fundamental information, it cannot effectively participate
in any routing process, whether static or dynamic.
,Question 3: Which statement correctly defines this static route? ip route 172.30.20.0
255.255.255.0 10.1.1.3
a) The router will send all traffic to 172.30.20.0/24 through interface 10.1.1.3.
b) The router uses the next-hop IPv4 address 10.1.1.3 to reach network 172.30.20.0/24.
c) The router is configured to deny traffic from network 172.30.20.0/24.
d) The router will reach 10.1.1.3 through network 172.30.20.0/24.
Correct Answer: b) The router uses the next-hop IPv4 address 10.1.1.3 to reach network
172.30.20.0/24.
Rationale: In an ip route command, the first address is the destination network, the second is its
subnet mask, and the third (10.1.1.3 in this case) is the next-hop IP address that the router
should send packets to in order to reach the specified destination network.
Question 4: In IPv6, creating static routes is just like creating IPv4 static routes, but there is an
extra feature. Which feature is that?
a) The next hop can only be a global unicast address.
b) The next hop can be a link-local and an exit interface or a global address.
c) IPv6 static routes are automatically updated.
d) IPv6 static routes support only directly connected networks.
Correct Answer: b) The next hop can be a link-local and an exit interface or a global address.
Rationale: IPv6 allows for the next hop of a static route to be specified as a link-local address
along with the exit interface, or a global unicast address. This provides more flexibility in IPv6
routing.
Question 5: On which of these tables do the routers rely to make decisions on forwarding
packets at Layer 3?
a) ARP table
b) MAC address table
c) Routing table
,d) NAT table
Correct Answer: c) Routing table
Rationale: The routing table is the primary database that a router uses to determine the best
path for forwarding IP packets to their destinations. It contains information about known
networks and the next hop to reach them.
Question 6: Which approach requires administrative maintenance when changes occur in the
network?
a) Dynamic routing
b) Automatic routing
c) Static routing
d) Adaptive routing
Correct Answer: c) Static routing
Rationale: Static routes are manually configured and remain unchanged unless an administrator
explicitly modifies them. This means any network topology changes, like a link going down or a
new network being added, require manual updates to the static routes.
Question 7: Which of these is a disadvantage of static routing?
a) Simplicity for small networks
b) Predictable routing paths
c) Scalability
d) Low overhead on the router's CPU
Correct Answer: c) Scalability
Rationale: While static routing is simple for small, stable networks, it becomes very difficult and
time-consuming to manage in large or frequently changing networks due to the need for
manual configuration for every route. This makes it poor for scalability.
Question 8: What is the correct way to configure an IPv6 default route?
, a) ipv6 route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 2001:db8::1
b) ipv6 route ::/0 2001:db8::1
c) ip route ::/0 2001:db8::1
d) ipv6 default-route 2001:db8::1
Correct Answer: b) ipv6 route ::/0 2001:db8::1
Rationale: In IPv6, the default route is represented by ::/0, which signifies all IPv6 addresses.
The command ipv6 route is used to configure IPv6 static routes, followed by the default route
prefix and the next-hop IPv6 address.
Question 9: What do you call a manually configured route with a subnet mask 255.255.255.255?
a) Default route
b) Summary route
c) Host route
d) Floating static route
Correct Answer: c) Host route
Rationale: A static route with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.255 (or /32 in CIDR notation)
specifies a route to a single, specific host IP address, not an entire network. This is known as a
host route.
Question 10: Which of these examples configures a default static route?
a) ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.2
b) ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.2.2
c) ip route 172.16.2.2 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0
d) ip default-network 172.16.2.2
Correct Answer: b) ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.2.2
Rationale: A default static route is configured with the destination network 0.0.0.0 and the
subnet mask 0.0.0.0, indicating that it matches all unknown network destinations.
Networking: Exam Prep, Certification Tips, and
Real-World Practice for 2025
Question 1: What is a common use for a default static route?
a) To connect two internal networks within an enterprise
b) To provide redundant paths for high availability
c) To connect the edge router of a company to an ISP network
d) To distribute routing information between different routing protocols
Correct Answer: c) Connect the edge router of a company to an ISP network
Rationale: A default static route (0.0.0.0/0) is typically used to direct all traffic for unknown
destinations to a single exit point, such as an ISP. This is efficient as the internal router doesn't
need to know every single route on the internet.
Question 2: Before static or dynamic routing can be used, what must a routing table contain?
a) Default static routes
b) Directly connected networks
c) Routes learned via OSPF
d) Routes to all possible destinations
Correct Answer: b) Directly connected networks
Rationale: A router must first be aware of its own directly connected networks to be able to
send and receive traffic. Without this fundamental information, it cannot effectively participate
in any routing process, whether static or dynamic.
,Question 3: Which statement correctly defines this static route? ip route 172.30.20.0
255.255.255.0 10.1.1.3
a) The router will send all traffic to 172.30.20.0/24 through interface 10.1.1.3.
b) The router uses the next-hop IPv4 address 10.1.1.3 to reach network 172.30.20.0/24.
c) The router is configured to deny traffic from network 172.30.20.0/24.
d) The router will reach 10.1.1.3 through network 172.30.20.0/24.
Correct Answer: b) The router uses the next-hop IPv4 address 10.1.1.3 to reach network
172.30.20.0/24.
Rationale: In an ip route command, the first address is the destination network, the second is its
subnet mask, and the third (10.1.1.3 in this case) is the next-hop IP address that the router
should send packets to in order to reach the specified destination network.
Question 4: In IPv6, creating static routes is just like creating IPv4 static routes, but there is an
extra feature. Which feature is that?
a) The next hop can only be a global unicast address.
b) The next hop can be a link-local and an exit interface or a global address.
c) IPv6 static routes are automatically updated.
d) IPv6 static routes support only directly connected networks.
Correct Answer: b) The next hop can be a link-local and an exit interface or a global address.
Rationale: IPv6 allows for the next hop of a static route to be specified as a link-local address
along with the exit interface, or a global unicast address. This provides more flexibility in IPv6
routing.
Question 5: On which of these tables do the routers rely to make decisions on forwarding
packets at Layer 3?
a) ARP table
b) MAC address table
c) Routing table
,d) NAT table
Correct Answer: c) Routing table
Rationale: The routing table is the primary database that a router uses to determine the best
path for forwarding IP packets to their destinations. It contains information about known
networks and the next hop to reach them.
Question 6: Which approach requires administrative maintenance when changes occur in the
network?
a) Dynamic routing
b) Automatic routing
c) Static routing
d) Adaptive routing
Correct Answer: c) Static routing
Rationale: Static routes are manually configured and remain unchanged unless an administrator
explicitly modifies them. This means any network topology changes, like a link going down or a
new network being added, require manual updates to the static routes.
Question 7: Which of these is a disadvantage of static routing?
a) Simplicity for small networks
b) Predictable routing paths
c) Scalability
d) Low overhead on the router's CPU
Correct Answer: c) Scalability
Rationale: While static routing is simple for small, stable networks, it becomes very difficult and
time-consuming to manage in large or frequently changing networks due to the need for
manual configuration for every route. This makes it poor for scalability.
Question 8: What is the correct way to configure an IPv6 default route?
, a) ipv6 route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 2001:db8::1
b) ipv6 route ::/0 2001:db8::1
c) ip route ::/0 2001:db8::1
d) ipv6 default-route 2001:db8::1
Correct Answer: b) ipv6 route ::/0 2001:db8::1
Rationale: In IPv6, the default route is represented by ::/0, which signifies all IPv6 addresses.
The command ipv6 route is used to configure IPv6 static routes, followed by the default route
prefix and the next-hop IPv6 address.
Question 9: What do you call a manually configured route with a subnet mask 255.255.255.255?
a) Default route
b) Summary route
c) Host route
d) Floating static route
Correct Answer: c) Host route
Rationale: A static route with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.255 (or /32 in CIDR notation)
specifies a route to a single, specific host IP address, not an entire network. This is known as a
host route.
Question 10: Which of these examples configures a default static route?
a) ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.2
b) ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.2.2
c) ip route 172.16.2.2 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0
d) ip default-network 172.16.2.2
Correct Answer: b) ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.2.2
Rationale: A default static route is configured with the destination network 0.0.0.0 and the
subnet mask 0.0.0.0, indicating that it matches all unknown network destinations.
