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1. analog data: data represented in a continuous and variable form
2. American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII): a standard
encoding system for text characters that uses numeric values to represent letters,
numbers, and symbols
3. bandwidth: the maximum rate of data transfer across a network or communica-
tion channel, usually measured in bits per second
4. binary: a numerical system that uses only two digits, zero and one, to represent
data in computing
5. Boolean expression: a logical statement that can only be true or false and uses
operators like AND, OR, and NOT
6. character: a single letter, digit, or symbol used in writing text
7. character set: a collection of characters that a computer can recognize and
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, process, like ASCII or Unicode compression ratio: the ratio of the original data size
to the compressed data size, indicating how much the data has been reduced
8. control structure: constructs in programming that control the flow of execution,
such as loops and conditional statements
9. data: raw facts and figures that can be processed to produce meaningful informa-
tion
10. data compression: the process of reducing the size of data to save space or
transmission time
11. data types: categories of data that define what kind of value can be stored, like
integers, floats, and strings, and how it can be used
12. declaration: a statement in programming that specifies the name and type of a
variable or function without assigning a value
13. digital data: data represented using discrete binary values (zeroes and ones)
14. floating point: a way to represent real numbers that can have fractional parts
using a format that includes a base and an exponent
15. Huffman encoding: a compression technique that uses variable-length codes
for data representation based on frequency of occurrence
16. information: data that have been processed or organized in a meaningful way
to be useful
17. integer: a whole number
18. keyword encoding: a method of data compression that replaces frequently
occurring patterns with shorter codes
19. lossless: a type of data compression where no information is lost and the
original data can be perfectly reconstructed
20. lossy: a type of data compression that reduces file size by permanently elimi-
nating some information, which may affect quality
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, 21. numeric: any value that is a number
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