Relias RN Nutrition and Hydration RN
Exam 2 Questions And Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) Plus Rationales 2025
Q&A | Instant Download PDF
1. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with
prolonged vomiting?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypercalcemia
Rationale: Vomiting leads to the loss of gastric fluids rich in potassium,
resulting in hypokalemia.
2. Which macronutrient provides the highest caloric value per gram?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Fats
,D. Water
Rationale: Fats provide 9 kcal/g, while carbohydrates and proteins provide
only 4 kcal/g.
3. A patient with renal failure should be monitored for high levels of which
electrolyte?
A. Sodium
B. Chloride
C. Potassium
D. Calcium
Rationale: The kidneys regulate potassium, and failure can result in
potassium retention (hyperkalemia).
4. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely in patients with chronic
alcoholism?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin A
C. Thiamine (B1)
D. Vitamin D
Rationale: Thiamine deficiency is common in alcoholics and can lead to
Wernicke's encephalopathy.
5. What is the best initial intervention for a patient showing signs of mild
dehydration?
A. IV fluids
B. Oral rehydration
,C. Blood transfusion
D. Diuretics
Rationale: Mild dehydration can often be corrected with oral fluid intake.
6. Which lab value is most indicative of protein malnutrition?
A. Serum albumin
B. Hematocrit
C. Sodium
D. Glucose
Rationale: Low albumin levels suggest chronic protein malnutrition.
7. A clear liquid diet includes which of the following?
A. Ice cream
B. Mashed potatoes
C. Broth
D. Peanut butter
Rationale: Broth is part of a clear liquid diet, which includes transparent
liquids without residue.
8. Which mineral is essential for oxygen transport in the blood?
A. Calcium
B. Iron
C. Zinc
D. Magnesium
Rationale: Iron is a key component of hemoglobin, responsible for oxygen
transport.
, 9. Which condition is most likely with a sodium level of 128 mEq/L?
A. Hyponatremia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: A sodium level below 135 mEq/L indicates hyponatremia.
10. A low-residue diet is recommended for which condition?
A. GERD
B. Diverticulitis (acute phase)
C. Constipation
D. Obesity
Rationale: A low-residue diet reduces bowel volume, beneficial during
acute diverticulitis.
11. Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption in the intestines?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin B6
D. Vitamin K
Rationale: Vitamin D facilitates calcium absorption from the gut.
12. What symptom would a nurse expect in a patient with fluid volume
excess?
A. Hypotension
B. Dry mucous membranes
Exam 2 Questions And Correct Answers
(Verified Answers) Plus Rationales 2025
Q&A | Instant Download PDF
1. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with
prolonged vomiting?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypercalcemia
Rationale: Vomiting leads to the loss of gastric fluids rich in potassium,
resulting in hypokalemia.
2. Which macronutrient provides the highest caloric value per gram?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Proteins
C. Fats
,D. Water
Rationale: Fats provide 9 kcal/g, while carbohydrates and proteins provide
only 4 kcal/g.
3. A patient with renal failure should be monitored for high levels of which
electrolyte?
A. Sodium
B. Chloride
C. Potassium
D. Calcium
Rationale: The kidneys regulate potassium, and failure can result in
potassium retention (hyperkalemia).
4. Which vitamin deficiency is most likely in patients with chronic
alcoholism?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin A
C. Thiamine (B1)
D. Vitamin D
Rationale: Thiamine deficiency is common in alcoholics and can lead to
Wernicke's encephalopathy.
5. What is the best initial intervention for a patient showing signs of mild
dehydration?
A. IV fluids
B. Oral rehydration
,C. Blood transfusion
D. Diuretics
Rationale: Mild dehydration can often be corrected with oral fluid intake.
6. Which lab value is most indicative of protein malnutrition?
A. Serum albumin
B. Hematocrit
C. Sodium
D. Glucose
Rationale: Low albumin levels suggest chronic protein malnutrition.
7. A clear liquid diet includes which of the following?
A. Ice cream
B. Mashed potatoes
C. Broth
D. Peanut butter
Rationale: Broth is part of a clear liquid diet, which includes transparent
liquids without residue.
8. Which mineral is essential for oxygen transport in the blood?
A. Calcium
B. Iron
C. Zinc
D. Magnesium
Rationale: Iron is a key component of hemoglobin, responsible for oxygen
transport.
, 9. Which condition is most likely with a sodium level of 128 mEq/L?
A. Hyponatremia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: A sodium level below 135 mEq/L indicates hyponatremia.
10. A low-residue diet is recommended for which condition?
A. GERD
B. Diverticulitis (acute phase)
C. Constipation
D. Obesity
Rationale: A low-residue diet reduces bowel volume, beneficial during
acute diverticulitis.
11. Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption in the intestines?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin B6
D. Vitamin K
Rationale: Vitamin D facilitates calcium absorption from the gut.
12. What symptom would a nurse expect in a patient with fluid volume
excess?
A. Hypotension
B. Dry mucous membranes
