WGU D313 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+RECENT VERSION`

WGU D313 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+RECENT VERSION` 1) What is a source of complex carbohydrates? a. Eggs b. Syrup c. Milk d. Legumes - answer d. Legumes 2) What do animal sources of protein have that plant sources of protein do not? - answer Essential amino acids 3) What is a source of protein? a. Fruit b. Soy c. Wheat - answer b. Soy 4) Why is insoluble fiber helpful in a diet? - answer Increases stool bulk to reduce transit time of food through the digestive tract 5) What is a function of lipids in a diet? - answer Make hormones and surround nerves 6) What is a characteristic of unsaturated fats? - answer Liquid at room temperature 7) What are 2 major functions of the pancreas? - answer 1. Produces insulin and glucagon to control blood sugar levels. 2. Secretes digestive enzymes to break down macronutrients. 8) What are 2 functions of the peritoneum? - answer 1. Anchors intestines to the abdominal wall. 2. Prevents friction between the abdominal organs. 9) Which process occurs throughout most of the alimentary canal? - answer Propulsion 10) Which organ of the digestive system mixes and churns food with the gastric juices to form chyme? - answer Stomach 11) What is the function of saliva? - answer Assists in the taste sensation 12) What is the correct path that food takes through the large intestine? - answer Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon 13) Which cells of the stomach secrete digestive hormones? - answer Enteroendocrine cells 14) What is a function of the upper esophageal sphincter? - answer Allows food bolus to pass from the pharynx into the esophagus 15) What is the goal of peristalsis? - answer Propel bolus or chyme along the digestive tract 16) What happens during the buccal phase of deglutition? - answer A single food bolus is formed 17) What triggers the defecation reflex? - answer Stretching of the walls of the rectum 18) Parietal cells secrete _____ - answer Hydrochloric acid 19) Pancreatic juice ____ - answer Buffers chyme 20) Where does the chemical digestion of starch begin? - answer Mouth 21) What are 2 functions of rugae of the stomach? - answer 1. Allows for expansion of the stomach. 2. Increase surface area. 22) What is the function of the mucin that is secreted by surface mucous cells in the stomach? - answer Protects the underlying mucosa from the acidity of the stomach contents 23) Which cells secrete an intrinsic factor that is essential for the absorption of Vitamin B12? - answer Parietal cells 24) Pepsinogen is secreted by ____ and converted to pepsin by _____. - answer Chief cells; hydrochloric acid 25) What is accomplished by peristaltic movements within the stomach? - answer Mixing bolus with gastric juices to produce chyme 26) Villi located within the small intestine function to ______. - answer Increase surface area 27) Why are Brunner's glands essential to the small intestine? - answer They secrete an alkaline mucus that neutralizes acidic chyme arriving from the stomach 28) What is broken down by the brush border enzymes? - answer Carbohydrates and proteins 29) If fecal matter passes through the large intestine too quickly, what will result? - answer Diarrhea 30) Amylases break down ____ and lipases break down ____. - answer Carbohydrates; fats 31) Which organ functions to break down toxins so they can be excreted from the kidneys? - answer Liver 32) Where does digestion of carbohydrates occur? - answer Oral cavity, small intestine, large intestine 33) Proteins are broken down into amino acids, which are used for ____. - answer The production of enzymes 34) What are the male gametes called? - answer Sperm 35) What is the function of the epididymis? - answer Sperm maturation and storage 36) What is the name of the inner layer of the testicular capsule that projects into the testes and divides each testes into lobules? - answer Tunica albuginea 37) What 2 things are found within the spermatic cord? - answer 1. Arteries and veins 2. Ductus deferens 38) In men, what passes through the inguinal canal? - answer Spermatic cord 39) The ductus deferens merge with the ducts of the seminal vesicles to form the____. - answer Ejaculatory duct 40) Which 2 organ systems are the male urethra part of? - answer 1. Reproductive 2. Urinary 41) The male urethra is ____ than the female urethra. - answer Longer 42) Which muscle wrinkles the skin of the scrotum to decrease the surface area and prevent heat loss? - answer Dartos muscle 43) Which glands are found at the base of the penis? - answer Bulbourethral glands 44) Which structure lies underneath the bladder and surrounds the beginning of the urethra? - answer Prostate gland 45) Which structure protects the entrance of the female reproductive tract and the female urethra? - answer Labia majora 46) In a female, what is the name for the pad of fat that lies over the pubic symphysis? - answer Mons pubis 47) Which part of the uterine tube comes in close contact with the ovarian surface? - answer Fimbriae 48) Which structure protrudes into the superior part of the vagina? - answer Cervix 49) Which layer of the uterine wall contracts during childbirth to expel the fetus? - answer Myometrium 50) The vagina lies ____ to the urethra and ____ to the rectum. - answer Posterior; anterior 51) What is the erectile organ in females called? - answer Clitoris 52) The urethral orifice is ____ to the vaginal orifice and ____ to the clitoris. - answer Anterior; posterior 53) What is the function of the greater vestibular glands? - answer Secrete mucus into the vagina during sexual arousal 54) Which ligaments support the uterus? - answer Round, broad, and transverse cervical 55) Lymphatic vessels of the breast drain into lymph nodes in the ____ region. - answer Axillary 56) What drains milk from the lobes to the center of the nipple? - answer Lactiferous ducts 57) Which hypothalamic hormone contributes to the regulation of the male reproductive system? - answer Gonadotropin-releasing hormone 58) Which structure is responsible for the elevation of testes during cold weather? - answer Cremaster muscle 59) Which 2 hormones are secreted in response to the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone? - answer 1. Follicle-stimulating hormone 2. Luteinizing hormone 60) What is the function of secretions from the bulbourethral glands? - answer Wash out and lubricate the male urethra 61) Which male accessory gland produces most of the seminal fluid? - answer Seminal vesicles 62) Which hormone stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone? - answer Luteinizing hormone 63) At which point during fetal development do male androgenic hormones begin to influence the development of the testes? - answer 6 weeks 64) What is the function of the blood-testis barrier? - answer Protect the spermatogenic cells against an immune response that could target them 65) During which phase of the male sexual response is it impossible to achieve another orgasm? - answer Resolution 66) Why is it necessary for seminal fluid to be slightly alkaline? - answer Neutralizes the acidic environment of the female vagina 67) Fertilization of the egg by the sperm occurs in the ____, and implantation of the fertilized egg occurs in the____. - answer Uterine tube; uterus 68) Which substance stimulates the development of secondary sex characteristics in females? - answer Estrogen 69) Which hormone inhibits FSH and LH to ensure that only one mature follicle is released per menstrual cycle? - answer Inhibin 70) Around mid-cycle in the female, what happens to the cervix? - answer Mucus becomes thinner and less acidic 71) What is the function of the muscularis layer of the vaginal wall? - answer Contracts to advance spermatozoa through the reproductive tract 72) Which follicle type secretes progesterone? - answer Corpus luteum