Anatomy and Physiology 1st Edition by Elizabeth Co Complete Test Bank DR ERIC // Introduction to the Human Body Multiple Choice

Anatomy and Physiology 1st Edition by Elizabeth Co Complete Test Bank DR ERIC // Introduction to the Human Body Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following definitions describes the scientific study of human anatomy? a. The study of the body’s metabolic functions. b. The study of the body’s structures. c. The study of body’s chemical processes. d. The study of the body’s molecular processes. e. The study of the body’s evolution. ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: b Blooms: Remember 2.1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.1.1 - Define the terms anatomy and physiology. 2. What two approaches do anatomists use to study the body’s structures? a. regional and systemic b. global and detailed c. holistic and microscopic d. internal and external e. active and passive ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: a Blooms: Remember 2.1 Overview of AnWaWtoWm.yTaBnS d MP. hyWsS iology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.1.2 - Give specific examples to show the interrelationship between anatomy and physiology. 3. Which of the following describes the study of regional anatomy? a. The skin and its functions. b. The interrelationships of all of the structures in a specific body region. c. Human evolution by regions of the world. d. The specific functions of an organ. e. Chemical changes in the human body. ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: b Blooms: Remember 2.1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.1.2 - Give specific examples to show the interrelationship between anatomy and physiology. 4. Which of the following describes the study of systemic anatomy? a. The operation of body functions. b. The sequence of chemical reactions in the body. c. The structures that make up a discrete body system. d. The evolution of the human body. e. The changes in the body over time. ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: c Blooms: Remember DR ERIC REFERENCES: 2.1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.1.2 - Give specific examples to show the interrelationship between anatomy and physiology. 5. What is phosphorylation? a. The most common form of molecular regulation in animal cells – the addition of a phosphate group to specific molecules. b. The ingestion and absorption of excessive phosphorus from the environment. c. The production of excessive amounts of phosphorus by the body. d. The conversion of phosphorus through a series of reactions in the environment. e. The removal of phosphorus from our bodies. ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: a Blooms: Remember 2.2 Structure and Function LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.2.1 - Describe, compare, and contrast various structure-function relationships from molecular to organ level. 6. Early humans evolved a restructured pelvis to accommodate for what specific function? a. increased intelligence b. bipedalism c. childbirth d. self defense e. sense of smell and taste ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: b Blooms: Remember 2.2 Structure and Function LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.2.2 - Relate the commonly found branching structure to function of an organ. 7. How is human evolution defined? a. The impact of the earth’s climate on human development. b. Changes in human intelligence over time. c. The development of cognitive and motor skills over time. d. A change in gene expression that occurs from generation to generation. e. The ability to adapt to constantly changing environments. ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: d Blooms: Remember 2.3 Evolution and Human Variation LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.3.1 - Define the term and explain the concept of evolution. 8. Why does the body require UV radiation from sunlight? a. To control the spread of bacteria. b. To improve skin tone and quality. c. For the production of proteins. d. To control blood flow. e. For the synthesis of vitamin D. ANSWER: e Blooms: Remember DR ERIC DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: 2.3 Evolution and Human Variation LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.3.2 - Contrast the impact of selection on traits that affect reproduction and traits that do not; use this to explain examples of anatomical and physiological variation. 9. UV radiation from sunlight is harmful to folate (folic acid) structure, a vitamin. What is a reason folate is essential? a. It is essential for skin cell growth and development. b. It is essential for single cell growth and muscular strength. c. It aids in sperm production and embryonic development. d. It is important for eye sight and night vision. e. It is involved with digestion. ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: c Blooms: Remember 2.3 Evolution and Human Variation LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.3.2 - Contrast the impact of selection on traits that affect reproduction and traits that do not; use this to explain examples of anatomical and physiological variation. 10. What are the three types of gradients that drive flow in a physiological context? a. high, medium, and low gradients b. elevated, standard, and reduced gradients c. organic, inorganic, and chemical gradients d. concentration, electrical, and pressure gradients e. kinetic, dynamic, and static gradients ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: d Blooms: Remember 2.4 Flow LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.4.1 - Describe how a gradient determines flow between two regions, and give examples of gradients that exist in different levels of organization in the body. 11. What type of gradient drives the flow of fluids and gases? a. concentration gradients b. electrical gradients c. pressure gradients d. organic gradients e. gravitational gradients ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: c Blooms: Remember 2.4 Flow LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.4.2 - Predict how changes in a gradient will affect flow rate. 12. Which of the following variables provides resistance to flow rate in liquids and gases? a. diameter and length of the tube b. speed of the molecules c. size of the molecules d. temperature of the environment e. viscosity of the medium a DR ERIC ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: Blooms: Remember 2.4 Flow LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.4.3 - Predict how differences in resistance will affect flow rate. 13. What is the definition of homeostasis? a. The state of dynamic stability of the body’s internal conditions. b. The condition of humanity at any point in history. c. The sum of all chemical reactions within the blood stream. d. Molecular concentrations within specific organs. e. The environment for human development. ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: a Blooms: Remember 2.5 Homeostasis LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.5.1 - Define the following terms as they relate to homeostasis: setpoint, variable, receptor (sensor), effector (target), and control (integrating) center. 14. Which of the following statements describes the set point for maintaining homeostasis? a. The physiological value around which the normal range fluctuates. b. The physiological value that should not be exceeded. c. The minimal physiological value that should be maintained. d. One of a range of values that could be maintained. e. A fixed value that must be maintained. ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: a Blooms: Remember 2.5 Homeostasis LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.5.3 - List the main physiological variables for which the body attempts to maintain homeostasis. 15. What is the set point for normal body temperature? a. Approximately 35 °C (95.0 °F) b. Approximately 36 °C (96.8 °F) c. Approximately 37 °C (98.6 °F) d. Approximately 38 °C (100.4 °F) e. Approximately 35 °C (102.2 °F) ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: c Blooms: Remember 2.5 Homeostasis LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.5.3 - List the main physiological variables for which the body attempts to maintain homeostasis. 16. Which of the following variables is homeostatically regulated? a. body weight b. blood sugar levels c. stress levels d. bone density b DR ERIC e. metal alertness ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: Blooms: Remember 2.5 Homeostasis LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.5.3 - List the main physiological variables for which the body attempts to maintain homeostasis. 17. Which statement best describes a negative feedback loop? a. A mechanism that reverses a deviation from the set point. b. A mechanism that eliminates the cause of the deviation from the set point. c. A mechanism that replaces molecules required by the body. d. A mechanism that accelerates the production of hormones. e. A mechanism that freezes the cause of negative impacts to the body. ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: a Blooms: Remember 2.5 Homeostasis LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.5.4 - List the steps in a feedback mechanism (loop) and explain the function of each step. 18. Which of the following variables is regulated by a positive feedback loop? a. body temperature b. blood sugar levels c. childbirth d. thyroid hormone levels e. pH levels ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: c Blooms: Remember 2.5 Homeostasis LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.5.5 - Compare and contrast positive and negative feedback in terms of the relationship between stimulus and response, and describe examples of each. 19. Which statement best describes a negative feedback loop? a. A mechanism that reverses a deviation from the set point. b. A mechanism that eliminates the cause of the deviation from the set point. c. A mechanism that replaces molecules required by the body. d. A mechanism that accelerates the production of hormones. e. A mechanism that freezes the cause of negative impacts to the body. ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: a Blooms: Remember 2.5 Homeostasis LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.5.2 - Explain why negative feedback is the most common mechanism used to maintain homeostasis. 20. What is the smallest independently functioning unit of a living organism? a. An atom b. A molecule c. A cell c DR ERIC d. An element e. A proton ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: Blooms: Remember 2.6 Structural Organization of the Human Body LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.6.1 - Describe, in order from simplest to most complex, the major levels of organization in the human organism. 21. What is the name of the protective membranous structure that encloses a variety of tiny functioning units within human cells? a. molecules b. elements c. organelles d. cytoskeleton e. enzymes ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: c Blooms: Remember 2.6 Structural Organization of the Human Body LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.6.2 - Give an example of each level of organization. 22. What do you call a group of many cells that work together to perform a specific function? a. tissue b. organism c. molecules d. organ e. element ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: a Blooms: Remember 2.6 Structural Organization of the Human Body LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.6.3 - List the organ systems of the human body and their major components. 23. What do you call a structure of the body that is composed of two or more tissue types? a. cell b. membrane c. organ d. element e. enzyme ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: c Blooms: Remember 2.6 Structural Organization of the Human Body LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.6.4 - Describe the major functions of each organ system. 24. What do you call a group of organs that work together to perform major functions to meet the physiological needs of the body? a. organ system b. biological system DR ERIC c. tissue groups d. molecular grouping e. physiological group ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: a Blooms: Remember 2.6 Structural Organization of the Human Body LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.6.4 - Describe the major functions of each organ system. 25. Which of the following refers to a living being that has a cellular structure and can perform independently all physiologic functions necessary for life? a. human b. animal c. organism d. citizen e. lifeform ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: c Blooms: Remember 2.6 Structural Organization of the Human Body LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.6.4 - Describe the major functions of each organ system. 26. Which of the following statements best describes the standard anatomical position? a. The body standing upright, with feet shoulder width apart and parallel, palms facing forward. b. The body horizontal, with feet together, toes pointing forward, and palms facing up. c. The body face down with feet together, toesWpW oiW nt. inT g B doSwMnw .aWrdS, and palms facing down. d. The body on its side with feet together, toes pointing and arms resting. e. The body standing upright, with feet together, toes forward, and arms relaxed. ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: a Blooms: Remember 2.7 Anatomical Terminology LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.7.1 - Describe the human body in anatomical position. 27. What is meant by ‘right’ and ‘left’ when referring to anatomical positioning? a. The right and left of the observer. b. The patient’s or cadaver’s right and left. c. The body’s orientation. d. The position as viewed by the front or back. e. They are different based on viewing position. ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: b Blooms: Remember 2.7 Anatomical Position LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.7.2 - Describe how to use the terms right and left in anatomical reference. 28. What is meant by a body in a prone position during a physical examination or surgical procedure? a. The body is lying face up. b. The body is lying face down. c. The body is on lying on the right side. DR ERIC d. The body is on lying on the left side. e. The body is in an upright seated position. ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: b Blooms: Remember 2.7 Anatomical Position LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.7.2 - Describe how to use the terms right and left in anatomical reference. 29. What is meant by a body in a supine position during a physical examination or surgical procedure? a. The body is lying face up. b. The body is lying face down. c. The body is on lying on the right side. d. The body is on lying on the left side. e. The body is in an upright seated position. ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: a Blooms: Remember 2.7 Anatomical Position LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.7.2 - Describe how to use the terms right and left in anatomical reference. 30. What term would you use to describe the front (belly) of a body in anatomical position? a. anterior b. posterior c. superior d. inferior e. lateral ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: a Blooms: Remember 2.7 Anatomical Position LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.7.2 - Describe how to use the terms right and left in anatomical reference. 31. To describe the BACK (spine) of the body you would use the term . a. anterior b. posterior c. superior d. inferior e. lateral ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: b Blooms: Remember 2.7 Anatomical Position LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.7.2 - Describe how to use the terms right and left in anatomical reference. 32. What term would you use to describe a position above, or higher than, another part of the body? a. anterior b. posterior c. superior d. inferior e. latera