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Samenvatting lokale anesthesie: fysiologie zenuwstelsel deel 2

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Samenvatting van colleges en het boek

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Hoofdstuk 12
Uploaded on
October 12, 2020
Number of pages
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Written in
2020/2021
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2. Fysiologie zenuwstelsel deel 2
De hersenen
Cerebrum – grote hersenen
 Opgebouwd uit twee hemisferen (= hersenhelften)
 Verbindingen tussen hemisferen (belangrijkste;
hersenbalk)
 Grijze stof (cellichamen) aan de buitenkant  cortex
(= schors; sterk geplooid)
 Witte stof (verbindingsbanen aan de binnenzijde 
medulla (= merg)
De functies van de grote hersenen zijn: motoriek
(=beweging), sensoriek (= waarneming tot prikkels), denken,
geheugen, intelligentie, bewustzijn, creativiteit, dromen en
emotionaliteit.




Diencephalon – tussenhersenen
Tussen de hersenstam en de grote hersenen
 Thalamus: opgebouwd uit grijze stof
 Doorschakelen sensibele impulsen naar de grote
hersenen
 selectief/ filter (bepaalde signalen worden
doorgelaten en andere niet)
 Schakelstation tussen kleine en de grote hersenen
 verfijnen motorische coördinatie
 Hypothalamus: centrum voor handhaving van de
homeostase
 Beïnvloedt de werking van hypofyse (productie
hormonen)
 Temperatuurcentrum
 Dorstcentrum
 Hongercentrum
 Biologische klok

, Truncus cerebri – hersenstam
Tussen de tussenhersenen en ruggenmerg
 Bevat onder andere afferente en efferente banen en banen met andere hersendelen.
 Oorsprong twaalf hersenzenuwen
 Middenhersenen (= mesencephalon) (1): bevatten kernen o.a waar de
hersenzenuwen ontspringen.
 Pons (= pons varoli) (3): verdikking hersenstam, verzorgt de verbindingen met
de kleine hersenen.
 Verlengde merg (= medulla oblongata) (4)
 Bevat verschillende vegetatieve centrums, zoals hartregulatie,
vasomotorisch, ademcentrum, temperatuurregulatiecentrum en
braakcentrum.
 Reticulaire formatie (formatio reticularis) (2): bepaalt de staat van paraatheid
van het lichaam en de geest (roze op plaatje, trekt zich helemaal uit over de
lengte van de hersenstam).
 Bevat het slaapcentrum
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