INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS FINAL EXAM WITH MULTIPLE
CHOICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS #16
What is one characteristic necessary for international relations scholars to define
something as a war?
A. There is random violence
B. At least three countries are fighting.
C. A clear victor emerges.
D. At least 1,000 deaths occur in a calendar year. - correct answer d. At least 1,000
deaths occur in a calendar year.
The civil war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo that began in 1996 provides an
example of
A. A war where the UN Security Council prevented peacekeepers from being sent
B. An intrastate war that became internationalized.
C. A battle between communists supported by Russia against rebels.
D. A successful use of UN peacekeeping forces, which helped to end the war within two
years. - correct answer b. An intrastate war that became internationalized.
In guerrilla warfare, the weaker party augments its capabilities by relying on the help of
A. Nuclear weapons.
B. The civilian population.
C. International organizations.
D. Collective security agreements. - correct answer b. The civilian population.
Guerilla warfare and nonviolent resistance are similar in that they
A. Both avoid the use of violence.
B. Both deliberately place ordinary people at grave risk of harm.
C. Are not used to pursue political objectives.
D. Are both examples of conventional warfare. - correct answer b. Both deliberately
place ordinary people at grave risk of harm.
A key characteristic of all forms of terrorism is that
A. They are carried out only in the Middle East.
B. They are religious in nature and intent.
C. They are a very recent form of warfare.
D. Their essence is psychological, not physical. - correct answer d. Their essence is
psychological, not physical.
Which of the following is true of terrorism?
A. The number of terrorist acts committed by far-right extremists increased significantly
in 2020 compared to years prior.
B. Terrorism is limited to groups with religious motivations.
C. Since the 1990s, terrorist attacks have become less lethal due to the increased
dispersion of the terrorist groups.
,D. The UN Security Council has never been able to agree on resolutions addressing
issues of terrorism. - correct answer a. The number of terrorist acts committed by far-
right extremists increased significantly in 2020 compared to years prior.
Which of the following is true of cyberwarfare?
A. While it is building up defenses, the United States has not yet made an offensive use
of this type of warfare.
B. Cyberattacks are carried out by governments, but not nonstate actors.
C. China is the only state known to have carried out cyberattacks against another state.
D. States like the United States and China have created special military units dedicated
to dealing with cybersecurity. - correct answer d. States like the United States and
China have created special military units dedicated to dealing with cybersecurity.
Which of the following is a key characteristic of the anarchic international system in
relation to realists' understanding of war?
A. Anarchy has led nondemocracies to become more prevalent than democracies, and
nondemocracies are more aggressive than democracies.
B. Under the condition of anarchy there are few rules about how to decide among
contending claims and no effective arbiter to do so, and this can lead to war.
C. Anarchy leads states to have weak armies, so they are attacked by terrorists.
D. Realists do not believe that war is the result of the anarchy of the international
system. - correct answer b. Under the condition of anarchy there are few rules about
how to decide among contending claims and no effective arbiter to do so, and this can
lead to war.
After having been defeated in World War I, Germany rose in power and almost
achieved parity with France and Britain. That this led Germany to act militarily to secure
its new position in the international system would be an argument made by a
A. Neorealist.
B. Power balancing theorist.
C. Hegemonic stability theorist.
D. Power transition theorist. - correct answer d. Power transition theorist.
Which of the following is a reason highlighted by liberal theorists to help explain the
democratic peace?
A. Democratic leaders are inherently more peaceful than autocratic ones.
B. Transparency in the democratic decision-making process provides the other side with
trust that a democracy will uphold its commitments to peacefully negotiated agreements
to resolve disputes.
C. Democracies are more likely to form alliances, and therefore are less likely to engage
in conflict with each other.
D. Democracies are more likely to balance against one another, and that balancing
prevents war. - correct answer b. Transparency in the democratic decision-making
process provides the other side with trust that a democracy will uphold its commitments
to peacefully negotiated agreements to resolve disputes.
, The three factors highlighted by Immanuel Kant that many liberal theorists believe can
foster peace are
A. Democracy, economic interdependence, and a balance of power.
B. Democracy, a balance of power, and international institutions.
C. Democracy, economic interdependence, and international institutions.
D. Economic interdependence, a balance of power, and international institutions. -
correct answer c. Democracy, economic interdependence, and international institutions.
The aggressive foreign policy stemming from North Korea's image of itself as standing
in opposition to the imperialist United States would be highlighted by which perspective
as a potential cause for war?
A. Realism
B. Liberalism
C. Constructivism
D. Balance-of-power theory - correct answer c. Constructivism
According to balance-of-power theorists,
A. Balancing only matters at the level of the international system as a whole.
B. Alliances are not an effective tool for enhancing one's own security.
C. States must view the friendships they have established with allies as expendable.
D. Building up one's own military power is the only effective way to manage insecurity. -
correct answer c. States must view the friendships they have established with allies as
expendable.
Which of the following is true of deterrence theory?
A. For deterrence to work, states must avoid forming alliances.
B. For deterrence to work, states must present a credible threat of retaliation if attacked.
C. For deterrence to work, states must keep hidden information about their own gains in
military power.
D. For deterrence to work, state leaders must be willing to make irrational decisions. -
correct answer b. For deterrence to work, states must present a credible threat of
retaliation if attacked.
"One for all and all for one" effectively captures the idea behind
A. Disarmament.
B. Compellence.
C. Balance of power.
D. Collective security. - correct answer d. Collective security.
Which of the following is among the fundamental assumptions underpinning the logic of
how collective security can work?
A. It is not always clear who the aggressor is.
B. Only powerful states can respond to aggressors.
C. Threat of military action cannot stop wars.
D. Aggressors are morally wrong and should be stopped. - correct answer d.
Aggressors are morally wrong and should be stopped.
CHOICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS #16
What is one characteristic necessary for international relations scholars to define
something as a war?
A. There is random violence
B. At least three countries are fighting.
C. A clear victor emerges.
D. At least 1,000 deaths occur in a calendar year. - correct answer d. At least 1,000
deaths occur in a calendar year.
The civil war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo that began in 1996 provides an
example of
A. A war where the UN Security Council prevented peacekeepers from being sent
B. An intrastate war that became internationalized.
C. A battle between communists supported by Russia against rebels.
D. A successful use of UN peacekeeping forces, which helped to end the war within two
years. - correct answer b. An intrastate war that became internationalized.
In guerrilla warfare, the weaker party augments its capabilities by relying on the help of
A. Nuclear weapons.
B. The civilian population.
C. International organizations.
D. Collective security agreements. - correct answer b. The civilian population.
Guerilla warfare and nonviolent resistance are similar in that they
A. Both avoid the use of violence.
B. Both deliberately place ordinary people at grave risk of harm.
C. Are not used to pursue political objectives.
D. Are both examples of conventional warfare. - correct answer b. Both deliberately
place ordinary people at grave risk of harm.
A key characteristic of all forms of terrorism is that
A. They are carried out only in the Middle East.
B. They are religious in nature and intent.
C. They are a very recent form of warfare.
D. Their essence is psychological, not physical. - correct answer d. Their essence is
psychological, not physical.
Which of the following is true of terrorism?
A. The number of terrorist acts committed by far-right extremists increased significantly
in 2020 compared to years prior.
B. Terrorism is limited to groups with religious motivations.
C. Since the 1990s, terrorist attacks have become less lethal due to the increased
dispersion of the terrorist groups.
,D. The UN Security Council has never been able to agree on resolutions addressing
issues of terrorism. - correct answer a. The number of terrorist acts committed by far-
right extremists increased significantly in 2020 compared to years prior.
Which of the following is true of cyberwarfare?
A. While it is building up defenses, the United States has not yet made an offensive use
of this type of warfare.
B. Cyberattacks are carried out by governments, but not nonstate actors.
C. China is the only state known to have carried out cyberattacks against another state.
D. States like the United States and China have created special military units dedicated
to dealing with cybersecurity. - correct answer d. States like the United States and
China have created special military units dedicated to dealing with cybersecurity.
Which of the following is a key characteristic of the anarchic international system in
relation to realists' understanding of war?
A. Anarchy has led nondemocracies to become more prevalent than democracies, and
nondemocracies are more aggressive than democracies.
B. Under the condition of anarchy there are few rules about how to decide among
contending claims and no effective arbiter to do so, and this can lead to war.
C. Anarchy leads states to have weak armies, so they are attacked by terrorists.
D. Realists do not believe that war is the result of the anarchy of the international
system. - correct answer b. Under the condition of anarchy there are few rules about
how to decide among contending claims and no effective arbiter to do so, and this can
lead to war.
After having been defeated in World War I, Germany rose in power and almost
achieved parity with France and Britain. That this led Germany to act militarily to secure
its new position in the international system would be an argument made by a
A. Neorealist.
B. Power balancing theorist.
C. Hegemonic stability theorist.
D. Power transition theorist. - correct answer d. Power transition theorist.
Which of the following is a reason highlighted by liberal theorists to help explain the
democratic peace?
A. Democratic leaders are inherently more peaceful than autocratic ones.
B. Transparency in the democratic decision-making process provides the other side with
trust that a democracy will uphold its commitments to peacefully negotiated agreements
to resolve disputes.
C. Democracies are more likely to form alliances, and therefore are less likely to engage
in conflict with each other.
D. Democracies are more likely to balance against one another, and that balancing
prevents war. - correct answer b. Transparency in the democratic decision-making
process provides the other side with trust that a democracy will uphold its commitments
to peacefully negotiated agreements to resolve disputes.
, The three factors highlighted by Immanuel Kant that many liberal theorists believe can
foster peace are
A. Democracy, economic interdependence, and a balance of power.
B. Democracy, a balance of power, and international institutions.
C. Democracy, economic interdependence, and international institutions.
D. Economic interdependence, a balance of power, and international institutions. -
correct answer c. Democracy, economic interdependence, and international institutions.
The aggressive foreign policy stemming from North Korea's image of itself as standing
in opposition to the imperialist United States would be highlighted by which perspective
as a potential cause for war?
A. Realism
B. Liberalism
C. Constructivism
D. Balance-of-power theory - correct answer c. Constructivism
According to balance-of-power theorists,
A. Balancing only matters at the level of the international system as a whole.
B. Alliances are not an effective tool for enhancing one's own security.
C. States must view the friendships they have established with allies as expendable.
D. Building up one's own military power is the only effective way to manage insecurity. -
correct answer c. States must view the friendships they have established with allies as
expendable.
Which of the following is true of deterrence theory?
A. For deterrence to work, states must avoid forming alliances.
B. For deterrence to work, states must present a credible threat of retaliation if attacked.
C. For deterrence to work, states must keep hidden information about their own gains in
military power.
D. For deterrence to work, state leaders must be willing to make irrational decisions. -
correct answer b. For deterrence to work, states must present a credible threat of
retaliation if attacked.
"One for all and all for one" effectively captures the idea behind
A. Disarmament.
B. Compellence.
C. Balance of power.
D. Collective security. - correct answer d. Collective security.
Which of the following is among the fundamental assumptions underpinning the logic of
how collective security can work?
A. It is not always clear who the aggressor is.
B. Only powerful states can respond to aggressors.
C. Threat of military action cannot stop wars.
D. Aggressors are morally wrong and should be stopped. - correct answer d.
Aggressors are morally wrong and should be stopped.
