The University of Alabama
Capstone College of Nursing
NUR 521 Advanced Pharmacology
Oral Drugs Used to Treat Diabetes Mellitus: Compare and Contrast Chart
Instructions: Complete this chart while you are listening to the lecture or as a review after the lecture. This is a learning activity to help you
review and organize the content presented in the lecture. This activity will not be graded and will not be submitted in the course.
Drug Metformin Glyburide Pioglitazone Sitagliptin Canagliflozin Liraglutide
(Glucophage) (Diabeta) (Actos) (Januvia) (Invokana) (Victoza)
Mechanism of Decreases glucose Promote insulin Decrease insulin Enhances the Increase glucose Lower blood glucose
Action production by the secretion by the resistance by actions of excretion via the by slowing gastric
liver, slightly pancreatic islets; activating incretin urine by inhibiting emptying,
reduces glucose may also insulin- hormones, SGLT-2 in the stimulating glucose-
absorption in gut increase tissue responsive endogenous kidney tubules, dependent insulin
and increases tissue response to genes that compounds that decreasing release, suppressing
insulin. regulate (1) stimulate
(fat and skeletal glucose levels, and postprandial
carbohydrate glucose-
muscle) response inducing weight glucagon release,
and lipid dependent
(sensitivity) to metabolism. release of loss by caloric loss and reducing
insulin. insulin and (2) through the urine. appetite.
suppress
postprandial
release of
glucagon (a
hormone that
increases
glucose
production in
the liver). Both
actions help
keep blood
glucose from
climbing too
, high. How does
sitagliptin boost
incretin actions?
It inhibits DPP-4,
an enzyme that
inactivates the
incretin
hormones.
Use Drug of choice to Treatment of T2DM, mainly as Second line Manage blood Manage blood
treat T2DM; Used to T2DM add on to therapy for the glucose in patients glucose in patients
prevent T2DM; Metformin T2DM as an add with T2DM with T2DM
Polycystic syndrome and/or on to Metformin
(PCOS). sulfonylurea
Contraindications Hypersensitivity to Will not work if Heart failure None Serious Contraindicated
drug class the pancreas is Bladder cancer, Interactions: hypersensitivity with cidofovir.
eGFR <30 incapable of Undiagnosed Cidofovir reaction to Gastroparesis
Metabolic acidosis. insulin synthesis. edema/SOB INVOKANA®, such Medullary thyroid
DKA Pregnancy as anaphylaxis or carcinoma
Lactic acidosis Lactating Interactions: angioedema Multiple endocrine
Dehydration Use with caution Strong CYP2C8 neoplasia syndrome
Surgery in renal and Inhibitors type 2
Interactions: hepatic Pancreatitis
Acetazolamide dysfunction. Can cause renal
Risdiplam impairment.
Tafenoquine
Topiramate
Baseline Data Renal function Random glucose Serum liver Random glucose eGFR at baseline Random glucose
CBC at baseline Fasting glucose function tests Fasting glucose BP Fasting glucose
Vitamin B12 HgA1C Random glucose HgA1C Random glucose HgA1C
Serum Fasting glucose Serum Fasting glucose Serum electrolytes
Capstone College of Nursing
NUR 521 Advanced Pharmacology
Oral Drugs Used to Treat Diabetes Mellitus: Compare and Contrast Chart
Instructions: Complete this chart while you are listening to the lecture or as a review after the lecture. This is a learning activity to help you
review and organize the content presented in the lecture. This activity will not be graded and will not be submitted in the course.
Drug Metformin Glyburide Pioglitazone Sitagliptin Canagliflozin Liraglutide
(Glucophage) (Diabeta) (Actos) (Januvia) (Invokana) (Victoza)
Mechanism of Decreases glucose Promote insulin Decrease insulin Enhances the Increase glucose Lower blood glucose
Action production by the secretion by the resistance by actions of excretion via the by slowing gastric
liver, slightly pancreatic islets; activating incretin urine by inhibiting emptying,
reduces glucose may also insulin- hormones, SGLT-2 in the stimulating glucose-
absorption in gut increase tissue responsive endogenous kidney tubules, dependent insulin
and increases tissue response to genes that compounds that decreasing release, suppressing
insulin. regulate (1) stimulate
(fat and skeletal glucose levels, and postprandial
carbohydrate glucose-
muscle) response inducing weight glucagon release,
and lipid dependent
(sensitivity) to metabolism. release of loss by caloric loss and reducing
insulin. insulin and (2) through the urine. appetite.
suppress
postprandial
release of
glucagon (a
hormone that
increases
glucose
production in
the liver). Both
actions help
keep blood
glucose from
climbing too
, high. How does
sitagliptin boost
incretin actions?
It inhibits DPP-4,
an enzyme that
inactivates the
incretin
hormones.
Use Drug of choice to Treatment of T2DM, mainly as Second line Manage blood Manage blood
treat T2DM; Used to T2DM add on to therapy for the glucose in patients glucose in patients
prevent T2DM; Metformin T2DM as an add with T2DM with T2DM
Polycystic syndrome and/or on to Metformin
(PCOS). sulfonylurea
Contraindications Hypersensitivity to Will not work if Heart failure None Serious Contraindicated
drug class the pancreas is Bladder cancer, Interactions: hypersensitivity with cidofovir.
eGFR <30 incapable of Undiagnosed Cidofovir reaction to Gastroparesis
Metabolic acidosis. insulin synthesis. edema/SOB INVOKANA®, such Medullary thyroid
DKA Pregnancy as anaphylaxis or carcinoma
Lactic acidosis Lactating Interactions: angioedema Multiple endocrine
Dehydration Use with caution Strong CYP2C8 neoplasia syndrome
Surgery in renal and Inhibitors type 2
Interactions: hepatic Pancreatitis
Acetazolamide dysfunction. Can cause renal
Risdiplam impairment.
Tafenoquine
Topiramate
Baseline Data Renal function Random glucose Serum liver Random glucose eGFR at baseline Random glucose
CBC at baseline Fasting glucose function tests Fasting glucose BP Fasting glucose
Vitamin B12 HgA1C Random glucose HgA1C Random glucose HgA1C
Serum Fasting glucose Serum Fasting glucose Serum electrolytes
