HEALTH ASSESSMENT FINAL REVIEW
FROM TESTBANK - 1/3 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025/2026 LATEST UPDATE
A physician has diagnosed a patient with purpura. After leaving the room, a nursing student asks the
nurse what the physician saw that led to that diagnosis. The nurse should say, The physician is referring
to the:
a.
Blue dilation of blood vessels in a star-shaped linear pattern on the legs.
b.
Fiery red, star-shaped marking on the cheek that has a solid circular center.
c.
Confluent and extensive patch of petechiae and ecchymoses on the feet.
d.
Tiny areas of hemorrhage that are less than 2 mm, round, discrete, and dark red in color. - answerANS: C
Purpura is a confluent and extensive patch of petechiae and ecchymoses and a flat macular hemorrhage
observed in generalized disorders such as thrombocytopenia and scurvy. The blue dilation of blood
vessels in a star-shaped linear pattern on the legs describes a venous lake. The fiery red, star-shaped
marking on the cheek that has a solid circular center describes a spider or star angioma. The tiny areas
of hemorrhage that are less than 2 mm, round, discrete, and dark red in color describes petechiae.
The nurse educator is preparing an education module for the nursing staff on the epidermal layer of
skin. Which of these statements would be included in the module? The epidermis is:
a.
Highly vascular.
b.
Thick and tough.
c.
,Thin and nonstratified.
d.
Replaced every 4 weeks. - answerANS: D
The epidermis is thin yet tough, replaced every 4 weeks, avascular, and stratified into several zones.
The nurse educator is preparing an education module for the nursing staff on the dermis layer of skin.
Which of these statements would be included in the module? The dermis:
a.
Contains mostly fat cells.
b.
Consists mostly of keratin.
c.
Is replaced every 4 weeks.
d.
Contains sensory receptors. - answerANS: D
The dermis consists mostly of collagen, has resilient elastic tissue that allows the skin to stretch, and
contains nerves, sensory receptors, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels. It is not replaced every 4
weeks.
the nurse is examining a patient who tells the nurse, I sure sweat a lot, especially on my face and feet
but it doesnt have an odor. The nurse knows that this condition could be related to:
a.
Eccrine glands.
b.
Apocrine glands.
c.
,Disorder of the stratum corneum.
d.
Disorder of the stratum germinativum. - answerANS: A
The eccrine glands are coiled tubules that directly open onto the skin surface and produce a dilute saline
solution called sweat. Apocrine glands are primarily located in the axillae, anogenital area, nipples, and
naval area and mix with bacterial flora to produce the characteristic musky body odor. The patients
statement is not related to disorders of the stratum corneum or the stratum germinativum.
A newborn infant is in the clinic for a well-baby checkup. The nurse observes the infant for the possibility
of fluid loss because of which of these factors?
a.
Subcutaneous fat deposits are high in the newborn.
b.
Sebaceous glands are overproductive in the newborn.
c.
The newborns skin is more permeable than that of the adult.
d.
The amount of vernix caseosa dramatically rises in the newborn. - answerANS: C
The newborns skin is thin, smooth, and elastic and is relatively more permeable than that of the adult;
consequently, the infant is at greater risk for fluid loss. The subcutaneous layer in the infant is
inefficient, not thick, and the sebaceous glands are present but decrease in size and production. Vernix
caseosa is not produced after birth.
The nurse is bathing an 80-year-old man and notices that his skin is wrinkled, thin, lax, and dry. This
finding would be related to which factor in the older adult?
a.
Increased vascularity of the skin
b.
, Increased numbers of sweat and sebaceous glands
c.
An increase in elastin and a decrease in subcutaneous fat
d.
An increased loss of elastin and a decrease in subcutaneous fat - answerANS: D
An accumulation of factors place the aging person at risk for skin disease and breakdown: the thinning
of the skin, a decrease in vascularity and nutrients, the loss of protective cushioning of the subcutaneous
layer, a lifetime of environmental trauma to skin, the social changes of aging, a increasingly sedentary
lifestyle, and the chance of immobility.
During the aging process, the hair can look gray or white and begin to feel thin and fine. The nurse
knows that this occurs because of a decrease in the number of functioning:
a.
Metrocytes.
b.
Fungacytes.
c.
Phagocytes.
d.
Melanocytes. - answerANS: D
In the aging hair matrix, the number of functioning melanocytes decreases; as a result, the hair looks
gray or white and feels thin and fine. The other options are not correct.
During an examination, the nurse finds that a patient has excessive dryness of the skin. The best term to
describe this condition is:
a.
Xerosis.
FROM TESTBANK - 1/3 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025/2026 LATEST UPDATE
A physician has diagnosed a patient with purpura. After leaving the room, a nursing student asks the
nurse what the physician saw that led to that diagnosis. The nurse should say, The physician is referring
to the:
a.
Blue dilation of blood vessels in a star-shaped linear pattern on the legs.
b.
Fiery red, star-shaped marking on the cheek that has a solid circular center.
c.
Confluent and extensive patch of petechiae and ecchymoses on the feet.
d.
Tiny areas of hemorrhage that are less than 2 mm, round, discrete, and dark red in color. - answerANS: C
Purpura is a confluent and extensive patch of petechiae and ecchymoses and a flat macular hemorrhage
observed in generalized disorders such as thrombocytopenia and scurvy. The blue dilation of blood
vessels in a star-shaped linear pattern on the legs describes a venous lake. The fiery red, star-shaped
marking on the cheek that has a solid circular center describes a spider or star angioma. The tiny areas
of hemorrhage that are less than 2 mm, round, discrete, and dark red in color describes petechiae.
The nurse educator is preparing an education module for the nursing staff on the epidermal layer of
skin. Which of these statements would be included in the module? The epidermis is:
a.
Highly vascular.
b.
Thick and tough.
c.
,Thin and nonstratified.
d.
Replaced every 4 weeks. - answerANS: D
The epidermis is thin yet tough, replaced every 4 weeks, avascular, and stratified into several zones.
The nurse educator is preparing an education module for the nursing staff on the dermis layer of skin.
Which of these statements would be included in the module? The dermis:
a.
Contains mostly fat cells.
b.
Consists mostly of keratin.
c.
Is replaced every 4 weeks.
d.
Contains sensory receptors. - answerANS: D
The dermis consists mostly of collagen, has resilient elastic tissue that allows the skin to stretch, and
contains nerves, sensory receptors, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels. It is not replaced every 4
weeks.
the nurse is examining a patient who tells the nurse, I sure sweat a lot, especially on my face and feet
but it doesnt have an odor. The nurse knows that this condition could be related to:
a.
Eccrine glands.
b.
Apocrine glands.
c.
,Disorder of the stratum corneum.
d.
Disorder of the stratum germinativum. - answerANS: A
The eccrine glands are coiled tubules that directly open onto the skin surface and produce a dilute saline
solution called sweat. Apocrine glands are primarily located in the axillae, anogenital area, nipples, and
naval area and mix with bacterial flora to produce the characteristic musky body odor. The patients
statement is not related to disorders of the stratum corneum or the stratum germinativum.
A newborn infant is in the clinic for a well-baby checkup. The nurse observes the infant for the possibility
of fluid loss because of which of these factors?
a.
Subcutaneous fat deposits are high in the newborn.
b.
Sebaceous glands are overproductive in the newborn.
c.
The newborns skin is more permeable than that of the adult.
d.
The amount of vernix caseosa dramatically rises in the newborn. - answerANS: C
The newborns skin is thin, smooth, and elastic and is relatively more permeable than that of the adult;
consequently, the infant is at greater risk for fluid loss. The subcutaneous layer in the infant is
inefficient, not thick, and the sebaceous glands are present but decrease in size and production. Vernix
caseosa is not produced after birth.
The nurse is bathing an 80-year-old man and notices that his skin is wrinkled, thin, lax, and dry. This
finding would be related to which factor in the older adult?
a.
Increased vascularity of the skin
b.
, Increased numbers of sweat and sebaceous glands
c.
An increase in elastin and a decrease in subcutaneous fat
d.
An increased loss of elastin and a decrease in subcutaneous fat - answerANS: D
An accumulation of factors place the aging person at risk for skin disease and breakdown: the thinning
of the skin, a decrease in vascularity and nutrients, the loss of protective cushioning of the subcutaneous
layer, a lifetime of environmental trauma to skin, the social changes of aging, a increasingly sedentary
lifestyle, and the chance of immobility.
During the aging process, the hair can look gray or white and begin to feel thin and fine. The nurse
knows that this occurs because of a decrease in the number of functioning:
a.
Metrocytes.
b.
Fungacytes.
c.
Phagocytes.
d.
Melanocytes. - answerANS: D
In the aging hair matrix, the number of functioning melanocytes decreases; as a result, the hair looks
gray or white and feels thin and fine. The other options are not correct.
During an examination, the nurse finds that a patient has excessive dryness of the skin. The best term to
describe this condition is:
a.
Xerosis.
