Rubin's Pathology: Clinicopathologic Foundations of Medicine Testba
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nk/Studyguide
Chapter 1: Cell Adaptation, Injury and Death
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Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a result
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1. of:
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A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
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B) improved intracellular volume regulation. qw qw qw
C) decreased influx across the cell membrane. qw qw qw qw qw
D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates.
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The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver. A
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2. daptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to
qw qw of the remaining liver cells.
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A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy qw
C) compensatory hyperplasia qw
D) physiologic hypertrophy qw
A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partiall
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y cleared, but he remains hypoxic until he reaches the hospital. The prolonged cell hypo
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3. xia caused a cerebral infarction and resulting
qw qw in the brain.
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A) caspase activation qw
B) coagulation necrosis qw
C) rapid phagocytosisqw
D) protein p53 deficiency qw qw
Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by
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4. , which is unique from the intracellular qw qw qw qw qw qw
qw damage caused by other injurious agents.
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A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump qw qw qw qw
B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processes qw qw qw
C) replicating and producing continued injury qw qw qw qw
D) decreasing protein synthesis and function qw qw qw qw
The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causing hypo
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
5. xic cell injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
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A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane. qw qw qw qw qw
B) altering the immune response of the cell.
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C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell. qw qw qw qw qw
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,D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria. qw qw qw qw
6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
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A) increased fat load. qw qw
B) altered permeability. qw
C) altered glucose utilization.
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D) increased surface receptors. qw qw
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
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A) stimulus overload. qw
B) genetic mutations. qw
C) chemical messengers. qw
D) mitochondrial DNA. qw
8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
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A) increased cell protein synthesis. qw qw qw
B) altered cell volume regulation.
qw qw qw
C) passive entry of potassium into the cell.
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D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
qw qw qw qw qw
A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He steps o
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
n a piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic. The necro
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
9. tic cell death is characterized by:
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A) rapid apoptosis. qw
B) cellular rupture. qw
C) shrinkage and collapse. qw qw
D) chronic inflammation. qw
A 99-year-
qw
10. old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A group of the
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
ories of cellular aging focus on programmed:
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A) changes with genetic influences. qw qw qw
B) elimination of cell receptor sites. qw qw qw qw
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme. qw qw
D) DNA mutation or faulty repair.
qw qw qw qw
An 89-year- qw
old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and stamina during
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
a 3- qw
11. week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of the following phe
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
nomena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
that underlies her reduced mobility?
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,A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia
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B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling
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C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
A 20-year-
qw
old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled Papanicolaou
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
12. (Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples for eviden
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
ce of:qw
A) changes in cell shape, size, and organization. qw qw qw qw qw qw
B) the presence of unexpected cell types.
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C) ischemic changes in cell samples. qw qw qw qw
D) abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field. qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic calcifi
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13. tion?
A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia qw qw
B) Liver cirrhosis qw
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism qw qw
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology tech
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
cian is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the primary r
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
14. ionale for the technicians precautions?
qw qw qw qw
A) Radiation stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
qw qw qw qw qw qw
B) Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm.
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
C) Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis.
qw qw qw qw qw qw
D) Radiation decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells.
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
The parents of a 4-year-
qw qw qw qw
old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to chewing and swallowing im
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
15. ported toy figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of the following bl
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
ood tests should the care team prioritize?
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A) White blood cell levels with differential qw qw qw qw qw
B) Red blood cell levels and morphology
qw qw qw qw qw
C) Urea and creatinine levelsqw qw qw
D) Liver function panel qw qw
A 70-year-
qw
old male patient has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment of a recent hemorrhagic stro
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
16. e that has left him with numerous motor and sensory deficits. These deficits
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
are most likely the result of which of the following mechanisms of cell injury?
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
WWW.TESTBANKTANK.COM
, A) Free radical injury qw qw
B) Hypoxia and ATP depletion qw qw qw
C) Interference with DNA synthesis qw qw qw
D) Impaired calcium homeostasis qw qw
Which of the following processes associated with cellular injury is most likely to be rever
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
17. sible?
A) Cell damage resulting from accumulation of fat in the cytoplasm
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B) Cellular changes as a result of ionizing radiation
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
C) Cell damage from accumulation of free radicals
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D) Apoptosis
18. The extrinsic pathway of apoptosis can be initiated by:
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A) damage to cellular DNA. qw qw qw
B) decreased ATP levels. qw qw
C) activation of the p53 protein. qw qw qw qw
D) activation of death receptors on the cell surface.
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
A patient with severe peripheral vascular disease has developed signs of dry gangrene on the
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
great toe of one foot. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes most likely contrib
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
19. uted to this diagnosis?
qw qw qw
A) Inappropriate activation of apoptosis qw qw qw
B) Bacterial invasion qw
C) Impaired arterial blood supply qw qw qw
D) Metaplastic cellular changes qw qw
20. Which of the following facts underlies the concept of replicative senescence?
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Genes controlling longevity are present or absent in varying quantities among different in
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
A) ividuals.
B) Telomeres become progressively shorter in successive generations of a cell.
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
The damaging influence of free radicals increases exponentially in later generations of a
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
C) cell.
qw
D) Aging produces mutations in DNA and deficits in DNA repair.
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Answer Key
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. C
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nk/Studyguide
Chapter 1: Cell Adaptation, Injury and Death
qw qw qw qw qw qw
Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a result
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw q
1. of:
w
A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
qw qw qw qw qw qw
B) improved intracellular volume regulation. qw qw qw
C) decreased influx across the cell membrane. qw qw qw qw qw
D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates.
qw qw qw qw qw
The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver. A
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
2. daptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to
qw qw of the remaining liver cells.
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy qw
C) compensatory hyperplasia qw
D) physiologic hypertrophy qw
A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partiall
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
y cleared, but he remains hypoxic until he reaches the hospital. The prolonged cell hypo
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
3. xia caused a cerebral infarction and resulting
qw qw in the brain.
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
A) caspase activation qw
B) coagulation necrosis qw
C) rapid phagocytosisqw
D) protein p53 deficiency qw qw
Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
4. , which is unique from the intracellular qw qw qw qw qw qw
qw damage caused by other injurious agents.
qw qw qw qw qw
A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump qw qw qw qw
B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processes qw qw qw
C) replicating and producing continued injury qw qw qw qw
D) decreasing protein synthesis and function qw qw qw qw
The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causing hypo
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
5. xic cell injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane. qw qw qw qw qw
B) altering the immune response of the cell.
qw qw qw qw qw qw
C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell. qw qw qw qw qw
WWW.TESTBANKTANK.COM
,D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria. qw qw qw qw
6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
A) increased fat load. qw qw
B) altered permeability. qw
C) altered glucose utilization.
qw qw
D) increased surface receptors. qw qw
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
qw qw qw qw qw qw
A) stimulus overload. qw
B) genetic mutations. qw
C) chemical messengers. qw
D) mitochondrial DNA. qw
8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
A) increased cell protein synthesis. qw qw qw
B) altered cell volume regulation.
qw qw qw
C) passive entry of potassium into the cell.
qw qw qw qw qw qw
D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
qw qw qw qw qw
A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He steps o
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
n a piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic. The necro
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
9. tic cell death is characterized by:
qw qw qw qw qw
A) rapid apoptosis. qw
B) cellular rupture. qw
C) shrinkage and collapse. qw qw
D) chronic inflammation. qw
A 99-year-
qw
10. old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A group of the
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
ories of cellular aging focus on programmed:
qw qw qw qw qw qw
A) changes with genetic influences. qw qw qw
B) elimination of cell receptor sites. qw qw qw qw
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme. qw qw
D) DNA mutation or faulty repair.
qw qw qw qw
An 89-year- qw
old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and stamina during
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
a 3- qw
11. week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of the following phe
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
nomena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
that underlies her reduced mobility?
qw qw qw qw
WWW.TESTBANKTANK.COM
,A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia
qw qw qw qw qw qw
B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
A 20-year-
qw
old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled Papanicolaou
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
12. (Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples for eviden
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
ce of:qw
A) changes in cell shape, size, and organization. qw qw qw qw qw qw
B) the presence of unexpected cell types.
qw qw qw qw qw
C) ischemic changes in cell samples. qw qw qw qw
D) abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field. qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic calcifi
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
13. tion?
A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia qw qw
B) Liver cirrhosis qw
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism qw qw
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology tech
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
cian is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the primary r
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
14. ionale for the technicians precautions?
qw qw qw qw
A) Radiation stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
qw qw qw qw qw qw
B) Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm.
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
C) Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis.
qw qw qw qw qw qw
D) Radiation decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells.
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
The parents of a 4-year-
qw qw qw qw
old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to chewing and swallowing im
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
15. ported toy figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of the following bl
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
ood tests should the care team prioritize?
qw qw qw qw qw qw
A) White blood cell levels with differential qw qw qw qw qw
B) Red blood cell levels and morphology
qw qw qw qw qw
C) Urea and creatinine levelsqw qw qw
D) Liver function panel qw qw
A 70-year-
qw
old male patient has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment of a recent hemorrhagic stro
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
16. e that has left him with numerous motor and sensory deficits. These deficits
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
are most likely the result of which of the following mechanisms of cell injury?
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
WWW.TESTBANKTANK.COM
, A) Free radical injury qw qw
B) Hypoxia and ATP depletion qw qw qw
C) Interference with DNA synthesis qw qw qw
D) Impaired calcium homeostasis qw qw
Which of the following processes associated with cellular injury is most likely to be rever
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
17. sible?
A) Cell damage resulting from accumulation of fat in the cytoplasm
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
B) Cellular changes as a result of ionizing radiation
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
C) Cell damage from accumulation of free radicals
qw qw qw qw qw qw
D) Apoptosis
18. The extrinsic pathway of apoptosis can be initiated by:
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
A) damage to cellular DNA. qw qw qw
B) decreased ATP levels. qw qw
C) activation of the p53 protein. qw qw qw qw
D) activation of death receptors on the cell surface.
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
A patient with severe peripheral vascular disease has developed signs of dry gangrene on the
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
great toe of one foot. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes most likely contrib
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
19. uted to this diagnosis?
qw qw qw
A) Inappropriate activation of apoptosis qw qw qw
B) Bacterial invasion qw
C) Impaired arterial blood supply qw qw qw
D) Metaplastic cellular changes qw qw
20. Which of the following facts underlies the concept of replicative senescence?
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
Genes controlling longevity are present or absent in varying quantities among different in
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
A) ividuals.
B) Telomeres become progressively shorter in successive generations of a cell.
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
The damaging influence of free radicals increases exponentially in later generations of a
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
C) cell.
qw
D) Aging produces mutations in DNA and deficits in DNA repair.
qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw qw
Answer Key
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. C
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