Nursing 51 Cardiovascular Study Questions
and answers 2025/2026 latest update
Oxygenated blood flows through the
A. superior vena cava
B. pulmonary veins
C. coronary veins
D. pulmonary arteries - answerB. pulmonary veins
The QRS complex of the ECG represents
A. atrial depolarization
B. ventricular depolarization
C. atrial contraction
D. ventricular repolarization - answerB. ventricular depolarization
The electrical impulses travel from
A. SA node to RA/LA to Bundle of His to AV node to Purkinje fibers
B. SA node to AV node to Bundle of His to RA/LA to Purkinje fibers
C. AV node to SA node to Bundle of His to Purkinje fibers
D. SA node to RA/LA to AV node to Bundle of His to Purkinje fibers - answerD. SA node to RA/LA to AV
node to Bundle of His to Purkinje fibers
A patient is scheduled for nuclear cardiology. The nurse explains to the patient that this test involves
A. placement of electrodes inside the right-sided heart chambers through a vein to record the electrical
activity of the heart directly
B. exercising on a treadmill or stationary bicycle with continuous electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring
to detect ischemic changes during exercise.
C. radioactive isotope is injected intravenously then the scintillation camera will identify areas of cardiac
damage.
, D. placement of a small transducer in four positions on the chest to record the direction and flow of
blood through the heart by the reflection of sound waves. - answerC. radioactive isotope is injected
intravenously then the scintillation camera will identify areas of cardiac damage.
While teaching women about the risks and incidence of CAD, the nurse stresses that
A. women have an increased incidence of sudden death compared with men
B. smoking is not as significant a risk factor for CAD in women as it is in men
C. estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women decreases the risk for CAD
D. CAD is the leading cause of death in women, with a higher mortality rate following myocardial
infarction (MI) than in men
E. Prevention as the best treatment for DVT. - answerD. CAD is the leading cause of death in women,
with a higher mortality rate following myocardial infarction (MI) than in men
Explanation:
CAD is the number-one killer of American women, and women have a much higher mortality rate within
1 year following MI than do men. Recent research indicates that estrogen replacement does not reduce
the risk for CAD, even though estrogen lowers low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and raises high-density
lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Smoking carries specific problems
for women because smoking has been linked to a decrease in estrogen levels and to early menopause,
and it has been identified as the most powerful contributor to CAD in women under the age of 50. Men
have a higher incidence of sudden cardiac death
Following a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) what is the 1st action the nurse should perform?
A. Monitor the ECG
B. Monitor pulse oximetry
C. Assess vital signs (BP, HR, RR, temperature)
D. Maintain NPO status until gag reflex has returned. - answerD. Maintain NPO status until gag reflex
has returned.
Explanation:
, In order to perform a TEE, the throat must be numbed. Until sensation returns, as evidenced by the gag
reflex, the patient is at risk of aspiration (priority related to airway—ABCs).
An industrial health nurse at a large printing plant finds a male employee's blood pressure to be
elevated on two occasions 1 month apart and refers him to his private physician. The employee is about
25 pounds overweight and has smoked a pack of cigarettes daily for more than 20 years. The client's
physician prescribes atenolol for the hypertension. The nurse should instruct the client to
A. avoid sudden discontinuation of the drug.
B. monitor the blood pressure annually.
C. follow a 2-g sodium diet.
D. discontinue the medication if severe headaches develop. - answerA. avoid sudden discontinuation of
the drug.
Explanation:
Sudden discontinuation of drug may cause rebound hypertension
When caring for a patient after a cardiac catheterization with coronary angiography, which of the
following findings would be of most concern to the nurse?
A. Swelling at the catheter insertion site
B. Development of raised wheals on the patient's trunk
C. Absence of pulses distal to the catheter insertion site
D. Patient assessment of pain at the insertion site as 4 on a 1-to-10 scale - answerC. Absence of pulses
distal to the catheter insertion site
Explanation:
An absence of pulses distal to the catheter insertion site indicates that clotting around the site is
occluding blood flow to the extremity and is an emergency that requires immediate medical attention.
Some swelling and pain at the site are expected, but the site is also monitored for bleeding, and a
pressure dressing and perhaps a sandbag may be applied. Hives may occur as a result of iodine
sensitivity and will require treatment, but the priority is the lack of pulses.
and answers 2025/2026 latest update
Oxygenated blood flows through the
A. superior vena cava
B. pulmonary veins
C. coronary veins
D. pulmonary arteries - answerB. pulmonary veins
The QRS complex of the ECG represents
A. atrial depolarization
B. ventricular depolarization
C. atrial contraction
D. ventricular repolarization - answerB. ventricular depolarization
The electrical impulses travel from
A. SA node to RA/LA to Bundle of His to AV node to Purkinje fibers
B. SA node to AV node to Bundle of His to RA/LA to Purkinje fibers
C. AV node to SA node to Bundle of His to Purkinje fibers
D. SA node to RA/LA to AV node to Bundle of His to Purkinje fibers - answerD. SA node to RA/LA to AV
node to Bundle of His to Purkinje fibers
A patient is scheduled for nuclear cardiology. The nurse explains to the patient that this test involves
A. placement of electrodes inside the right-sided heart chambers through a vein to record the electrical
activity of the heart directly
B. exercising on a treadmill or stationary bicycle with continuous electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring
to detect ischemic changes during exercise.
C. radioactive isotope is injected intravenously then the scintillation camera will identify areas of cardiac
damage.
, D. placement of a small transducer in four positions on the chest to record the direction and flow of
blood through the heart by the reflection of sound waves. - answerC. radioactive isotope is injected
intravenously then the scintillation camera will identify areas of cardiac damage.
While teaching women about the risks and incidence of CAD, the nurse stresses that
A. women have an increased incidence of sudden death compared with men
B. smoking is not as significant a risk factor for CAD in women as it is in men
C. estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women decreases the risk for CAD
D. CAD is the leading cause of death in women, with a higher mortality rate following myocardial
infarction (MI) than in men
E. Prevention as the best treatment for DVT. - answerD. CAD is the leading cause of death in women,
with a higher mortality rate following myocardial infarction (MI) than in men
Explanation:
CAD is the number-one killer of American women, and women have a much higher mortality rate within
1 year following MI than do men. Recent research indicates that estrogen replacement does not reduce
the risk for CAD, even though estrogen lowers low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and raises high-density
lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Smoking carries specific problems
for women because smoking has been linked to a decrease in estrogen levels and to early menopause,
and it has been identified as the most powerful contributor to CAD in women under the age of 50. Men
have a higher incidence of sudden cardiac death
Following a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) what is the 1st action the nurse should perform?
A. Monitor the ECG
B. Monitor pulse oximetry
C. Assess vital signs (BP, HR, RR, temperature)
D. Maintain NPO status until gag reflex has returned. - answerD. Maintain NPO status until gag reflex
has returned.
Explanation:
, In order to perform a TEE, the throat must be numbed. Until sensation returns, as evidenced by the gag
reflex, the patient is at risk of aspiration (priority related to airway—ABCs).
An industrial health nurse at a large printing plant finds a male employee's blood pressure to be
elevated on two occasions 1 month apart and refers him to his private physician. The employee is about
25 pounds overweight and has smoked a pack of cigarettes daily for more than 20 years. The client's
physician prescribes atenolol for the hypertension. The nurse should instruct the client to
A. avoid sudden discontinuation of the drug.
B. monitor the blood pressure annually.
C. follow a 2-g sodium diet.
D. discontinue the medication if severe headaches develop. - answerA. avoid sudden discontinuation of
the drug.
Explanation:
Sudden discontinuation of drug may cause rebound hypertension
When caring for a patient after a cardiac catheterization with coronary angiography, which of the
following findings would be of most concern to the nurse?
A. Swelling at the catheter insertion site
B. Development of raised wheals on the patient's trunk
C. Absence of pulses distal to the catheter insertion site
D. Patient assessment of pain at the insertion site as 4 on a 1-to-10 scale - answerC. Absence of pulses
distal to the catheter insertion site
Explanation:
An absence of pulses distal to the catheter insertion site indicates that clotting around the site is
occluding blood flow to the extremity and is an emergency that requires immediate medical attention.
Some swelling and pain at the site are expected, but the site is also monitored for bleeding, and a
pressure dressing and perhaps a sandbag may be applied. Hives may occur as a result of iodine
sensitivity and will require treatment, but the priority is the lack of pulses.
