D311 WGU MICROBIOLOGY SECTION 1 FINAL EXAM PREP 2025/2026 ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ACCURATE ANSWERS || 100% ENDORSED PASS<LATEST VERSION>

D311 WGU MICROBIOLOGY SECTION 1 FINAL EXAM PREP 2025/2026 ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ACCURATE ANSWERS || 100% ENDORSED PASS&lt;LATEST VERSION&gt; 1. What does the presence of a clear area around a cell stained with India ink indicate about the cell? - ANSWER The cell has a capsule. 2. How do basic stains work? - ANSWER The positively charged stain is attracted to the negatively charged portion of the cell. 3. A patient presents to the emergency department with high fever. difficulty breathing. vomiting, coughing up blood. and severe chest pain when inhaling. Which pathogen would the provider suspect? - ANSWER Bacillus anthracis 4. Which activity of the complement system would be useful against an infection caused by a gram-negative bacterium? - ANSWER Membrane attack complex 5. Which body system is protected by the ciliary escalator? - ANSWER Respiratory 6. What is the role of global public health organizations in eradication of diseases, like polio? - ANSWER Organize vaccination campaigns and programs 7. Malaria cases are routinely found in certain areas of the world but are not seen In other areas. How would malaria be described in those areas where it is found? - ANSWER Endemic 8. A hospital notices an increase in patients being admitted with gastrointestinal symptoms and dehydration over a two-week period. An epidemiological analysis reveals that the cause is the same pathogen, but that none of the hospitalized individuals were ever in the same location at the same time. What is an explanation for this analysis? - ANSWER These individuals all consumed contaminated food from a common manufacturing source. 9. Which action is an innate physical defense? - ANSWER Mucous secretions trapping and removing microbes from the respiratory tract. 10. Which vaccine type would be effective against an organism that can produce a capsule? - ANSWER Conjugate 11. Vhich protocol for microbial growth control leaves the least number of living cells? - ANSWER Sterilization 12. Which type of microbial control is necessary for surgical equipment? - ANSWER Sterilization 13. How are spore-forming bacteria killed to make canned foods safe for consumption? - ANSWER Heat and pressure 14. Which type of microbial control is used in a variety of situations, from doorknobs to swimming pools to diaper cream. to prevent the growth and spread of microbes? - ANSWER Phenolics 15. Why is boiling not used as a sterilization method In clinical settings? - ANSWER Boiling is not effective against endospores. 16. Why do beta-lactamase-producing pathogens cause public concern for a community? - ANSWER Beta-lactamase is an enzyme that protects the pathogen from some common antibiotics. 17. Why are antlhelmlnthlc drugs difficult to develop? - ANSWER Helminths are eukaryotes, and it is difficult to develop medications with selective toxicity for them. 18. Which pathogen is susceptible to beta-lactam antimicrobials? - ANSWER Prokaryotic pathogens are susceptible to beta-lactam antimicrobials. 19. Which process is targeted by antivirals? - ANSWER Antivirals target the process of nucleic acid synthesis in viruses. 20. Which term describes how bacteriostatic antibiotics become bactericidal when the drugs are used together? - ANSWER The term that describes how bacteriostatic antibiotics become bactericidal when used together is "Synergism." 21. How can pathogens typically found in animal feces, such as hantavlrus, be transmitted through air? - ANSWER Dried fecal particles are carried on dust and inhaled by humans. 22. Which cellular component is conjugated to protein antigens to improve efficacy In the conjugate vaccine. especially for children under the age of two? - ANSWER Capsule polysaccharide 23. What is the disadvantage of a live attenuated vaccine? - ANSWER Risk of reversion 24. How do vaccines help the body fight against viruses? - ANSWER By training the adaptive immune system 25. Which vaccine type would be useful against a toxin-producing strain of bacteria? - ANSWER Toxoid vaccine 26. Which vaccine type would result in both a cell-mediated and humoral immune response because pathogens are able to grow in the host? - ANSWER Attenuated viral vaccine 27. Why would conjugate vaccines have higher efficacy than a subunit vaccine for the same pathogen? - ANSWER Conjugate vaccines combine an antigen that creates a weak immune response with an antigen that creates a strong immune response, which can result in higher efficacy compared to a subunit vaccine for the same pathogen. 28. Which staining technique is used to distinguish bacteria based on their ability to produce structures that can survive extreme heat stress? - ANSWER Endospore stain 29. Which aspect of a staining protocol enables dye to penetrate an endospore? - ANSWER Heat 30. Why are the relationships between pathogenic microbes and their hosts considered parasitic? - ANSWER The microbe benefits from the interaction while the host is harmed. 31. Which characteristic of dracunculiasis has been pivotal to the success of its eradication campaign? - ANSWER Dracunculiasis has no animal reservoir. 32. Which type of organism would be most likely to grow on food stored in a refrigerator or freezer? - ANSWER A psychrophile would be most likely to grow on food stored in a refrigerator or freezer as these microorganisms thrive in cold temperatures. 33. Staphylococcus epidermldls is a member of the human resident microbiota and considered part of the human innate immune system. S. epldermidis uses our dead skin cells as a source of nutrients. What type of relationship between S. epidermidis and humans is described above? - ANSWER The type of relationship between Staphylococcus epidermidis and humans described above is "Commensalism," where one organism (S. epidermidis) benefits (uses dead skin cells) without harming the other organism (humans). Commensalism 34. Why is the production of lactic acid by the resident microbe Lactobacillus Important to human health? - ANSWER Lactic acid is important to human health because it inhibits the growth of pathogenic yeasts. 35. Which type of infections are prevented by proper sterilization of hospital equipment and healthcare worker handwashing? - ANSWER Nosocomial infections are prevented by proper sterilization of hospital equipment and healthcare worker handwashing. 36. A patient Is determined to have contracted Lyme disease after being bit by an infected tick. What type of transmission is described in this scenario? - ANSWER Vector transmission is described in this scenario. 37. Which is a description of vehicle transmission? - ANSWER A person drinks untreated water on vacation and later has diarrhea and nausea is a description of vehicle transmission. 38. Which organism type contains species that perform adhesion through the unique use of its flagella to move out fluid from under a large adhesive disc, resulting in lower pressure to adhere to the intestinal lining? - ANSWER Protozoa 39. When is herd immunity achieved? - ANSWER Herd immunity is achieved when the immune portion of a population renders unimmunized members protected. 40. Peroxisomes - ANSWER Break down fatty acids and detoxify. 41. Chromosomes - ANSWER Multiple, rod-shaped structures containing DNA. 42. Cell morphology - ANSWER Variety of shapes in eukaryotic cells. 43. Cell membrane rigidity - ANSWER Influences cell shape and stability. 44. Physical pressure - ANSWER External force affecting cell morphology. 45. Cell wall - ANSWER Structure providing support and protection.