NURS 5315 UTA EXAM 3 (CARDIAC AND PULMONARY):
QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS
Restrictive disorders Right Ans - *unable to breath air in
* these ppl have low lung volumes on PFTs
*lung volumes are the amount of air the lungs contain at a given time during
ventilation.
*Examples= aspirations, pulmonary fibrosis, atelectasis, bronchiectasis,
bronchitis, and pulmonar edema
Obstructive disorders Right Ans - *unable to exhale the air that has been
inhaled
* have high volumes on PFTs
* Examples= asthma and COPD
Infectious Disorders Right Ans - * Pneumonia and TB
Non-infectious pulmonary disorder Right Ans - pulmonar fibosis, lung
cancer, and pulmonary hypertension
Acute Respiratory Failure Right Ans - * 2 main types= hypoxemia and
hypercapnia
* may result from direct injury
* may be triggered by an injury or dysfunction to one or more body systems or
organs
* may occur post-operatively secondary to anesthesia or narcotics
* in either case the main dysfunction is an impairment in diffusion which
result in low oxygen levels or retained CO2
* most pulmonary diseases can cause respiratory failure as can brain or spinal
cord injuries
, Hypoxemia respiratory failure Right Ans - * PaO2 less than or equal to
50mmHg
* from inadequate diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli to the capillaries
* disorder examples= pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolus, and pneumonia
Hypercapnic respiratory failure Right Ans - * PaCO2 greater than or equal
to 50mmHg
* from inadequate alveolar ventilation
* cause= depression of respiratory function from meds, abnormal spinal cord,
disorders of the medulla, disease of neuromuscular junction, chest wall injury,
COPD, and obstruction or large airways.
Pulmonar Disease Right Ans - *classified into 2 broad categories
-restrictive vs obstructive
- infectious vs non-infectious
Pneumothorax Right Ans - * presence of air or gas in the pleural space
* air may press against the lungs and cause the lung to collapse
* 2 main types= spontaneous and secondary
* clinical manifestations= sudden pleural pain, tachypnea, dyspnea, decreased
breath sounds, and HYPPEROSANCE TO PERCUSSION
Spontaneous pneumothorax Right Ans - * occurs in males 20-40 years of
age that are tall and thin
* may occur in bleb ruptures in ppl with emphysema
* smoking increases the risk
* bleb ruptures may be at rest or exercise and in the apexes
* may be a genetic component or family history
Secondary pneumothorax Right Ans - * caused by trauma
* tension pneumothorax occurs when air becomes trapped and can't escape
* site of injury acts as a one way valve only letting air in
* pt may experiene a complete lung collapse
* signs are a deviated trachea, shortness of breath, and hypotension
Pulmonary Edema Right Ans - * accumulation of water in the pulmonary
alveolar sacs
* prevents proper exchange of gas
* leads to dyspnea, chest pain, and hypoxia
QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS
Restrictive disorders Right Ans - *unable to breath air in
* these ppl have low lung volumes on PFTs
*lung volumes are the amount of air the lungs contain at a given time during
ventilation.
*Examples= aspirations, pulmonary fibrosis, atelectasis, bronchiectasis,
bronchitis, and pulmonar edema
Obstructive disorders Right Ans - *unable to exhale the air that has been
inhaled
* have high volumes on PFTs
* Examples= asthma and COPD
Infectious Disorders Right Ans - * Pneumonia and TB
Non-infectious pulmonary disorder Right Ans - pulmonar fibosis, lung
cancer, and pulmonary hypertension
Acute Respiratory Failure Right Ans - * 2 main types= hypoxemia and
hypercapnia
* may result from direct injury
* may be triggered by an injury or dysfunction to one or more body systems or
organs
* may occur post-operatively secondary to anesthesia or narcotics
* in either case the main dysfunction is an impairment in diffusion which
result in low oxygen levels or retained CO2
* most pulmonary diseases can cause respiratory failure as can brain or spinal
cord injuries
, Hypoxemia respiratory failure Right Ans - * PaO2 less than or equal to
50mmHg
* from inadequate diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli to the capillaries
* disorder examples= pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolus, and pneumonia
Hypercapnic respiratory failure Right Ans - * PaCO2 greater than or equal
to 50mmHg
* from inadequate alveolar ventilation
* cause= depression of respiratory function from meds, abnormal spinal cord,
disorders of the medulla, disease of neuromuscular junction, chest wall injury,
COPD, and obstruction or large airways.
Pulmonar Disease Right Ans - *classified into 2 broad categories
-restrictive vs obstructive
- infectious vs non-infectious
Pneumothorax Right Ans - * presence of air or gas in the pleural space
* air may press against the lungs and cause the lung to collapse
* 2 main types= spontaneous and secondary
* clinical manifestations= sudden pleural pain, tachypnea, dyspnea, decreased
breath sounds, and HYPPEROSANCE TO PERCUSSION
Spontaneous pneumothorax Right Ans - * occurs in males 20-40 years of
age that are tall and thin
* may occur in bleb ruptures in ppl with emphysema
* smoking increases the risk
* bleb ruptures may be at rest or exercise and in the apexes
* may be a genetic component or family history
Secondary pneumothorax Right Ans - * caused by trauma
* tension pneumothorax occurs when air becomes trapped and can't escape
* site of injury acts as a one way valve only letting air in
* pt may experiene a complete lung collapse
* signs are a deviated trachea, shortness of breath, and hypotension
Pulmonary Edema Right Ans - * accumulation of water in the pulmonary
alveolar sacs
* prevents proper exchange of gas
* leads to dyspnea, chest pain, and hypoxia
