Herzing University HESI Mental Health EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS <RECENT VERSION>

Herzing University HESI Mental Health EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS || 100% GUARANTEED PASS &lt;RECENT VERSION&gt; 1. T or F Psychiatric illness is related to a number of factors (e.g., genetics, neurodevelopmental factors, drugs, infection, psychosocial experience). - ANSWER T 2. Psychiatric illness results in an ???? - ANSWER alteration in neurotransmitters or their function. 3. These ______ are the targets of psychotropic drugs. - ANSWER alertations 4. All mental activity has its ______ in the brain - ANSWER locus 5. it is presumed that mental disorders arise from ________ alterations - ANSWER physiologic 6. The primary goals of the nurse are to? (2 things) - ANSWER 1. Understand 2. Apply 7. 1.Monitor the outside world 2.Maintain homeostasis (BP, body fluid composition, temp) 3.Regulation of autonomic nervous system (ANS) and hormones (Hypothalamus and pituitary) 8. These are functions of the ____. - ANSWER brain 4.Coordination of musculoskeletal system 5.Control of biological drives and behavior—appetite, sex, anger 6.Cycle of sleep and wakefulness 9. These are functions of the _____. - ANSWER brain 7.Circadian rhythms 8.Conscious mental activity—cognition and problem solving 9.Memory 10. These are functions of the ____. - ANSWER brain 10. Social skills 11. Language 11. These are functions of the _____. - ANSWER brain 1. Regulates internal organs 2. Responsible for vital functions 12. Asserts that most psychiatric disorders arise from a combination of genetic vulnerability and negative environmental stressors or events - ANSWER Diathesis-Stress Model of Mental Health 13. While one person may develop major depression largely as a result of genetic vulnerability, another may develop depression as a result of brain chemistry alterations caused by a series of very stressful life events: divorce, death of a child or parent, job loss, chronic illness - ANSWER Diathesis Stress Model of Mental Health 1. Biochemical Disturbances 2. Genetics 14. Proposed _______ causes - ANSWER biological 3. Infections- can cause brain injury 4. Developmental / Congenital brain defects or trauma 15. Proposed _____ causes. - ANSWER biological 5. Prenatal injury 6. Poor nutrition, exposure to toxins 16. Proposed _____ causes. - ANSWER biological 1. Psychological trauma suffered as a child, such as emotional, physical or sexual abuse 2. An important early loss, such as the loss of a parent 17. Proposed _____ causes. - ANSWER psychological 3. Neglect 4. Severe or extended trauma or loss 18. Proposed ____ causes. - ANSWER psychological 1.Death or divorce 2.Dysfunctional family life 3.Living in poverty 19. Proposed ____ causes. - ANSWER stressor 4.Feelings of inadequacy, low self-esteem, loneliness 5.Changing jobs or schools 20. Proposed _____ causes. - ANSWER stressor 5. Social or cultural expectations (e.g., a society that associates beauty with thinness can be a factor in the development of eating disorders) 6. Substance abuse by the person or the person's parents 21. Proposed _____ causes. - ANSWER stressor 22. Can adapt, cope, recover, and learn from stressors - ANSWER Resilience 23. Provides the contexts in which mental illness / symptoms are judged. May also influence the development of mental illness itself - ANSWER culture 24. Studies the distribution and course of mental disorders -Identifies high-risk groups -Identifies high-risk factors - ANSWER Epidemiology of Mental Health 25. Enough data can guide theoretical ______ of mental disorder—Maybe be descriptive, analytical or experimental - ANSWER etiology 26. Etiology data used to (4 things) - ANSWER Improve clinical practice Improve and standardize diagnostics Plan public health policies Inform reimbursement standards 27. Groups treated for specific mental disorders studied for (3 things) - ANSWER Natural history of illness Diagnostic screening tests Interventions 28. Results used to describe (5 things) - ANSWER Mental disorders Course and progression of disease Symptoms appearing together Comorbidities Therapies or treatment modalities and outcomes 29. Each disorder is conceptualized as a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that is associated with present distress or ______. - ANSWER disability 30. the pattern significantly increases risk of suffering death, pain, disability, or an important loss of ______. - ANSWER freedom 31. _____ supports accurate diagnostic assessment in multiple cultural contexts by providing information about culturally diverse populations. - ANSWER DSM 32. Signs and symptoms of the mental disorder that is the focus of treatment - ANSWER Axis I 33. Personality disorders and intellectual disability - ANSWER Axis II 34. General medical disorder relevant to the mental disorder in axis I - ANSWER Axis III 35. Psychosocial and environmental problems - ANSWER Axis IV 36. Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) during the preceding year, rated on a scale of 1 to 100, ranging from persistent danger of self-harm to superior functioning. - ANSWER Axis V 37. Clinical descriptions of mental and behavior disorders under ten different disease classifications (E.g. mood disorders or disorders of personality) - ANSWER ICD-10 38. Helps to inform epidemiological surveillance of mental illness and hospitalizations - ANSWER ICD-10 39. Is also used in clinical billing systems for reimbursement - ANSWER ICD-10 40. The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International (NANDA-I) describes a nursing ______ as a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community responses to actual or potential health problems and life processes - ANSWER diagnosis 41. Promoting mental health through the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of human responses to mental health problems and psychiatric disorders - ANSWER the focus of psychiatric mental health nursing 42. Focuses on the treatment of human response to mental health problems and psychiatric disorders - ANSWER The Art and Science of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing (PMHN) 43. Mental health nursing employs a purposeful use of self as its ____, and a wide array of nursing, psychological and neurobiological theories and scientific evidence as its _______. (ANA, 2007) - ANSWER art; science 44. Care coordination, health education, health promotion, milieu therapy (safe therapeutic environment), basic nursing care within the context of medication education and administration, and other integrative therapies - ANSWER RN 45. Advanced assessment and diagnostics, admitting privileges, prescribing privileges, the provision of psychotherapies - ANSWER Advanced Practice 46. How we relate to one another and show concern - ANSWER caring 47. Evidenced by empathetic understanding, actions, and patience on another's behalf - ANSWER caring 48. Absence of caring can leave memorable scars and make pts feel distrustful, disconnected, uneasy, and discouraged - ANSWER caring 49. Clinical competence remains vitally important - ANSWER caring 50. Defined as giving of self while preserving the importance of self - ANSWER caring 51. Done through actions, words, and presence - ANSWER caring 52. Through active listening skills and effective communication we can fully understand another persons immediate experience and distressing fears, perceptions and concerns - ANSWER attending 53. refers to the intensity of presence, being at hand and in tune with the patient - ANSWER attending 54. behaviors include listening, touching, or giving attentive physical care - ANSWER attending 55. Speaking up for another's interests, helping another by defending, protecting, or acting on their behalf, especially when the other lacks knowledge, skills, or the ability to stand up for themselves - ANSWER patient advocacy 56. Ethical role of the nurse - ANSWER patient advocacy 57. includes commitment to health, well-being, and safety across the life span, as well as attending to the alleviation of suffering and promoting a peaceful, comfortable and dignified death (ANA, 2001) - ANSWER patient advocacy 58. A foundation for practice in which treatment choices are scientifically grounded and supported by theory or research. - ANSWER Evidence based nursing practice 59. interventions you implement aren't random, but are instead, ____-_____ - ANSWER evidence-based 60. In mental health care, this focus extends to treatment strategies in which there is scientific evidence for psychological and sociological approaches and interventions. - ANSWER Evidence-based nursing practice 61. The evidence may also relate to what is understood about the neurobiology of some psychiatric disorders and psychopharmacology - ANSWER Evidence-based nursing practice 62. The 5 A's of EBN - ANSWER 1. ask 3. acquire 4. appraise 5. apply 6. assess 63. a question: Identify a problem or need for change - ANSWER ask 64. literature: Search literature for scientific studies and articles that relate to and address the area of concern - ANSWER acquire 65. the literature: evaluate and synthesize the research evidence as to its validity , relevance and applicability using criteria of scientific merit - ANSWER appraise 66. the evidence: Interventions based on best available evidence as well as patient preference and needs - ANSWER apply 67. effectiveness: Evaluate outcomes using clearly defined criteria and document results - ANSWER assess 68. Developmental model is important part of mental health assessment - ANSWER Erikson's Theory and Mental Health Nursing 69. Developmental models should inform interactions, nursing plan, and evaluation - ANSWER Erikson's Theory and Mental Health Nursing 70. Helps determine what types of interventions are most likely to be effective or appropriate for individuals at different stages of development - ANSWER Erikson's Theory and Mental Health Nursing 71. Pleasure principle Reflex action Primary processes - ANSWER Id 72. Problem solver Delayed gratification and trade-offs Reality tester - ANSWER Ego Moral component "Shoulds" - ANSWER Superego 73. Anxiety, danger, dissatisfactions, threats and insecurities pose a threat to our sense of self and well-_____ - ANSWER being 74. Defense mechanisms operate on ________ level. We are not aware of their operation - ANSWER unconscious 75. Defense mechanisms deny, falsify, or distort _____ to make it less threatening - ANSWER reality 76. serve a positive purpose, but they can also distort reality and interfere with personal growth and healthy adjustment - ANSWER Defense mechanisms 77. Like Erikson, Freud believed that experiences during the early stages of life determine an individual's lifetime adjustment patterns and personality traits. - ANSWER Psychosexual Stages of Development 78. He felt that personality was formed by the time the child entered school (age 5) - ANSWER Psychosexual Stages of Development 79. His stages of child development were more focused on sexuality that Erikson's theories, and aren't as well accepted today - ANSWER Psychosexual Stages of Development 80. 1.Formation of personality 2.Conscious and unconscious influences 3.Importance of individual talk sessions - ANSWER Freudian Theory and Mental Health Nursing 4.Attentive listening 5.Transference 6.Countertransference - ANSWER Freudian Theory and Mental Health Nursing 81. Based on the premise that all mental illness is caused by intrapsychic conflict (No longer considered to be valid) - ANSWER Psychoanalysis 82. Practitioner must be aware of development and dynamics of transference and countertransference, and hold to principles of professional boundaries, clinical competencies, and therapeutic practice - ANSWER Psychoanalysis 83. Some concepts such free association, dream analysis, transference and countertransference have been carried into other therapeutic modalities - ANSWER Psychoanalysis 84. Expensive and impractical with questionable outcomes - ANSWER Psychoanalysis 85. Underlying premise is that a change in behavior can create a change in thinking. - ANSWER behavioral theories 86. Pavlov - ANSWER classical conditioning 87. Stimulus-response, passive & involuntary - ANSWER classical conditioning 88. Watson - ANSWER behaviorism 89. social learning and reinforcement - ANSWER behaviorism 90. Skinner - ANSWER operant conditioning 91. Positive/negative reinforcements. Punishments and rewards. - ANSWER operant conditioning 92. Implications for nursing (Behavioral Theories) (2 implications) - ANSWER Altering targeted behaviors Behavior management Modeling Operant conditioning Systematic desensitization Aversion therapy Biofeedback Examples of?? - ANSWER Behavioral therapies 93. act as role model, pt learns through imitation - ANSWER modeling 94. offer rewards, positive reinforcement - ANSWER operant conditioning 95. gradual exposure, often w/ phobia - ANSWER systematic desensitization 96. pair maladaptive behavior with punishment - ANSWER aversion therapy 97. use sensors to monitor physiologic responses, can learn to control responses via voluntary relaxation - ANSWER biofeedback 98. Based on cognitive psychology and behavioral theory. - ANSWER Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 99. Beck found while working with patients with depression that people had stereotypical patterns of negative and self-critical thinking that distorted their ability to think and process. - ANSWER Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 100. Prior experience informs current attitudes and assumptions - ANSWER Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 101. Short-term structured therapy that challenges distorted beliefs and works to change way of thinking and reduce symptoms. - ANSWER Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 102. Based on the belief that the way people feel and behave arises from the way they think about the world and their place in it. - ANSWER Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 103. Assumptions unique to each person are known as schemata, and these may be positive or negative - ANSWER Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 104. Rapid, reflexive responses based on schemata - ANSWER Automatic Thoughts 105. Irrational automatic thoughts that lead to faulty assumptions and misinterpretation - ANSWER Cognitive Distortions 106. Therapeutic techniques identify, test, and correct distorted ideas and the dysfunctional beliefs that underlie them - ANSWER Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 107. Patients are thought to critically evaluate and challenge their own negative thoughts, and to make positive substitutions that are more rational. - ANSWER Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 108. These are functions of the _______. - ANSWER brain stem 3. Reticular activating system (RAS) regulates sleep/wakefulness 4. Initial processing center for sensory information that is sent to the cerebral cortex 109. These are functions of the _______. - ANSWER brain stem 110. 5. Mesolimbic pathways project into the limbic system, modulates emotional value of sensory information 111. These are functions of the _______. - ANSWER brain stem 112. Limbic cortex is responsible for? - ANSWER mood 113. hippocampus is responsible for? - ANSWER memory 114. amydala is responsible for? - ANSWER emotions like fear and anxiety 115. hypothalmus is responsible for? - ANSWER limbic output 116. Regulates emotion and memory. - ANSWER Limbic system 117. Reward Center. - ANSWER Limbic system 118. Directly connects lower and higher brain functions. - ANSWER Limbic system