NSG 533 - Module 8 Hypertension and
Artherosclerosis Exam 2025 Questions
and Answers
What is dyslipidemia? - ....ANSWER ...-abnormal concentrations of serum
lipoproteins
What are the three serum lipoproteins? - ....ANSWER ...-Very Low density
lipoproteins (VLDL)
Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
High density lipoproteins (HDL)
What type of fat is a VLDL? - ....ANSWER ...-Triglyceride
What can elevated levels of triglyceride serum indicate? - ....ANSWER ...-
Corondary artery disease risk
What is the job of the LDLs? - ....ANSWER ...-they deliver cholesterol to the
tissues
What is LDL made of? - ....ANSWER ...-cholesterol and protein
What does an elevated serum concentration of LDL-C indicate? - ....ANSWER ...-
CAD risk
however relative risk depends on factors such as age, DM, and CKD
…FOR STUDENTS ONLY…©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED… 1
,What is the function of the HDLs? - ....ANSWER ...-they are "reverse cholesterol
transport"
Which of the serum lipoproteins returns excess cholesterol from the tissues to the liver? -
....ANSWER ...-HDL (high density lipoproteins)
What happens to cholesterol in the liver? - ....ANSWER ...-it is converted to
cholesterol-containing steroids or bile for digestion
How does the HDLs affects the LDL? - ....ANSWER ...-HDL protects LDL from
oxidation
What are some other functions of HDL? - ....ANSWER ...-preserves endothelial
function
promotes anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects
What components make up HDLs? - ....ANSWER ...-phospholipids and protein
What do LOW levels of HDL-C indicate? - ....ANSWER ...-CAD risk
Elevated LDL is linked to chronic heart disease in persons with what genetic disorder? -
....ANSWER ...-hypercholesterolemia
What is a cause of decreased LDL removal - ....ANSWER ...-defective or reduced
numbers of LDL receptors
What can familiar hypercholesterolemia (FH) cause? - ....ANSWER ...-blockage of
arteries and heart disease without other risk factors
…FOR STUDENTS ONLY…©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED… 2
,What genetic disorder causes bumps on the skin that are composed of deposits of
cholesterol derived from LDLs? - ....ANSWER ...-Homozygous Familiary
hypercholesterolemia
Name 6 modifiable risk factors for Coronary artery disease - ....ANSWER ...-
dylipemia
hypertension
cigarette smoking
DM and insulin resistance
obesity and sedentary lifestyle
atherogenic diet (cholesterol rich)
Name 4 non-modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease - ....ANSWER ...-
advanced age
male
postmenopausal women
family history/genetics
Name 10 Novel Risk factors for CAD - ....ANSWER ...-high lipoprotein
(dyslipidemia)
high LDL particle number
small, dense LDL
increased markers for inflammation, ischemia and thrombosis
adipokines
…FOR STUDENTS ONLY…©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED… 3
, Chronic kidney disease
Air pollution and ionizing radioation
Medications
coronary artery calcification and carotid wall thickness
microbiome
What is the marker for inflammation that is a novel risk factors for CAD? -
....ANSWER ...-high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)
What is hs-CRP? - ....ANSWER ...-indirect measure of inflammation and plaque
growth in blocked arteries
What is the marker for ischemia? - ....ANSWER ...-Troponin I (tnI)
What is troponin I? - ....ANSWER ...-It is a marker used to detect heart muscle
damage during acute coronary syndromes
What is the marker for thrombosis? - ....ANSWER ...-High fibrinogen and protein
C
What is the term used to describe a group of hormones released from fat cells? -
....ANSWER ...-adipokines
What are the three adipoknes? - ....ANSWER ...-adiponectin
leptin
resistin
What are some medications that can contribute to CAD? - ....ANSWER ...-NSAIDs
…FOR STUDENTS ONLY…©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED… 4
Artherosclerosis Exam 2025 Questions
and Answers
What is dyslipidemia? - ....ANSWER ...-abnormal concentrations of serum
lipoproteins
What are the three serum lipoproteins? - ....ANSWER ...-Very Low density
lipoproteins (VLDL)
Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
High density lipoproteins (HDL)
What type of fat is a VLDL? - ....ANSWER ...-Triglyceride
What can elevated levels of triglyceride serum indicate? - ....ANSWER ...-
Corondary artery disease risk
What is the job of the LDLs? - ....ANSWER ...-they deliver cholesterol to the
tissues
What is LDL made of? - ....ANSWER ...-cholesterol and protein
What does an elevated serum concentration of LDL-C indicate? - ....ANSWER ...-
CAD risk
however relative risk depends on factors such as age, DM, and CKD
…FOR STUDENTS ONLY…©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED… 1
,What is the function of the HDLs? - ....ANSWER ...-they are "reverse cholesterol
transport"
Which of the serum lipoproteins returns excess cholesterol from the tissues to the liver? -
....ANSWER ...-HDL (high density lipoproteins)
What happens to cholesterol in the liver? - ....ANSWER ...-it is converted to
cholesterol-containing steroids or bile for digestion
How does the HDLs affects the LDL? - ....ANSWER ...-HDL protects LDL from
oxidation
What are some other functions of HDL? - ....ANSWER ...-preserves endothelial
function
promotes anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects
What components make up HDLs? - ....ANSWER ...-phospholipids and protein
What do LOW levels of HDL-C indicate? - ....ANSWER ...-CAD risk
Elevated LDL is linked to chronic heart disease in persons with what genetic disorder? -
....ANSWER ...-hypercholesterolemia
What is a cause of decreased LDL removal - ....ANSWER ...-defective or reduced
numbers of LDL receptors
What can familiar hypercholesterolemia (FH) cause? - ....ANSWER ...-blockage of
arteries and heart disease without other risk factors
…FOR STUDENTS ONLY…©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED… 2
,What genetic disorder causes bumps on the skin that are composed of deposits of
cholesterol derived from LDLs? - ....ANSWER ...-Homozygous Familiary
hypercholesterolemia
Name 6 modifiable risk factors for Coronary artery disease - ....ANSWER ...-
dylipemia
hypertension
cigarette smoking
DM and insulin resistance
obesity and sedentary lifestyle
atherogenic diet (cholesterol rich)
Name 4 non-modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease - ....ANSWER ...-
advanced age
male
postmenopausal women
family history/genetics
Name 10 Novel Risk factors for CAD - ....ANSWER ...-high lipoprotein
(dyslipidemia)
high LDL particle number
small, dense LDL
increased markers for inflammation, ischemia and thrombosis
adipokines
…FOR STUDENTS ONLY…©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED… 3
, Chronic kidney disease
Air pollution and ionizing radioation
Medications
coronary artery calcification and carotid wall thickness
microbiome
What is the marker for inflammation that is a novel risk factors for CAD? -
....ANSWER ...-high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)
What is hs-CRP? - ....ANSWER ...-indirect measure of inflammation and plaque
growth in blocked arteries
What is the marker for ischemia? - ....ANSWER ...-Troponin I (tnI)
What is troponin I? - ....ANSWER ...-It is a marker used to detect heart muscle
damage during acute coronary syndromes
What is the marker for thrombosis? - ....ANSWER ...-High fibrinogen and protein
C
What is the term used to describe a group of hormones released from fat cells? -
....ANSWER ...-adipokines
What are the three adipoknes? - ....ANSWER ...-adiponectin
leptin
resistin
What are some medications that can contribute to CAD? - ....ANSWER ...-NSAIDs
…FOR STUDENTS ONLY…©️2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED… 4
