NUSCTX 10 - UC Berkeley Verified Multiple
Choice and Conceptual Actual Exam
Questions With Reviewed 100% Correct
Detailed Answers
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update
1. Vitamin K - ANSWER Koagulation
2. Mechanism of Vitamin K Action - ANSWER i) Targeted Protein (e.g.
prothrombin)
ii) Vitamin K-dependent enzyme
iii) Modified Protein Binds Ca++(e.g. thrombin)
3. Vitamin K-Dependent Enzymes - ANSWER Activate specific target
proteins by enabling them to bind to calcium.
4. Vitamin K Functions - ANSWER Essential for activating proteins required
for:
Blood clotting
Blood vessel repair
Bone density
,Preventing soft-tissue calcification
5. Warfarin - ANSWER A vitamin K antagonist that retards blood
coagulation
6. Vitamin E - ANSWER Most potent lipid-soluble anti-oxidant known.
7. Vitamin E protects polyunsaturated fatty acids from oxidative damage.
8. Vitamin E protects membranes and low density lipoproteins from oxidative
damage
9. Vitamin D - ANSWER Cholecalciferol
The sunshine vitamin
10.Vitamin D Synthesis and Metabolic Activation - ANSWER Pre-Vitamin
D3
Vitamin D3
25-OH-D3
Calcitriol
11.Calcitriol - ANSWER Hormone produced from Vitamin D3, is the only
hormone that can induce the intestine to absorb dietary Ca++
,12.Hypocalcemia - ANSWER Deficiency of calcium in the bloodstream;
leads to tetany and ultimately death.
13.Hypercalcemia - ANSWER Condition in which calcium in the
bloodstream is above normal; leads to soft-tissue Ca++ and ultimately
death.
14.Rickets - ANSWER Osteomalacia
Lack of Ca++/Vitamin D
Failure to convert vitamin D into calcitriol
Failure of calcitriol to regulate gene expression
15.Osteomalacia - ANSWER Organic bone matrix normal, but not calcified
Matrix > calcium
16.Osteoporosis - ANSWER Matrix/calcium ratio normal, both reduced
Thin and brittle bones
17.Osteoporosis Risk Factors - ANSWER Being female
Race (white, Asian)
Menopause
Small stature
Sedentary
, 18.Vitamin D Recommended Dietary Allowance - ANSWER 15
micrograms/day
Dietary needs depends on skin color, sunlight exposure, and other factors
High levels toxic
19.Good source of Vitamin D - ANSWER Liver (cod liver oil)
Milk
Meat
Beans
20.Bone Remodeling - ANSWER Bone mass is maintained by continual
degradation of existing bone and synthesis of new bone.
21.Bone Remodeling Facilitates - ANSWER Adjustment to new strength
level
Adjustment to new shape
Replacement of degrading matrix ( collagen proteoglycan) during normal
turnover
22.Osteoblasts - ANSWER Cells that produce the protocollagen and
proteoglycans that ultimately constitute the "matrix" of bone.
23.Vitamin C is involved in protocollagen sythesis.
Choice and Conceptual Actual Exam
Questions With Reviewed 100% Correct
Detailed Answers
Guaranteed Pass!!Current Update
1. Vitamin K - ANSWER Koagulation
2. Mechanism of Vitamin K Action - ANSWER i) Targeted Protein (e.g.
prothrombin)
ii) Vitamin K-dependent enzyme
iii) Modified Protein Binds Ca++(e.g. thrombin)
3. Vitamin K-Dependent Enzymes - ANSWER Activate specific target
proteins by enabling them to bind to calcium.
4. Vitamin K Functions - ANSWER Essential for activating proteins required
for:
Blood clotting
Blood vessel repair
Bone density
,Preventing soft-tissue calcification
5. Warfarin - ANSWER A vitamin K antagonist that retards blood
coagulation
6. Vitamin E - ANSWER Most potent lipid-soluble anti-oxidant known.
7. Vitamin E protects polyunsaturated fatty acids from oxidative damage.
8. Vitamin E protects membranes and low density lipoproteins from oxidative
damage
9. Vitamin D - ANSWER Cholecalciferol
The sunshine vitamin
10.Vitamin D Synthesis and Metabolic Activation - ANSWER Pre-Vitamin
D3
Vitamin D3
25-OH-D3
Calcitriol
11.Calcitriol - ANSWER Hormone produced from Vitamin D3, is the only
hormone that can induce the intestine to absorb dietary Ca++
,12.Hypocalcemia - ANSWER Deficiency of calcium in the bloodstream;
leads to tetany and ultimately death.
13.Hypercalcemia - ANSWER Condition in which calcium in the
bloodstream is above normal; leads to soft-tissue Ca++ and ultimately
death.
14.Rickets - ANSWER Osteomalacia
Lack of Ca++/Vitamin D
Failure to convert vitamin D into calcitriol
Failure of calcitriol to regulate gene expression
15.Osteomalacia - ANSWER Organic bone matrix normal, but not calcified
Matrix > calcium
16.Osteoporosis - ANSWER Matrix/calcium ratio normal, both reduced
Thin and brittle bones
17.Osteoporosis Risk Factors - ANSWER Being female
Race (white, Asian)
Menopause
Small stature
Sedentary
, 18.Vitamin D Recommended Dietary Allowance - ANSWER 15
micrograms/day
Dietary needs depends on skin color, sunlight exposure, and other factors
High levels toxic
19.Good source of Vitamin D - ANSWER Liver (cod liver oil)
Milk
Meat
Beans
20.Bone Remodeling - ANSWER Bone mass is maintained by continual
degradation of existing bone and synthesis of new bone.
21.Bone Remodeling Facilitates - ANSWER Adjustment to new strength
level
Adjustment to new shape
Replacement of degrading matrix ( collagen proteoglycan) during normal
turnover
22.Osteoblasts - ANSWER Cells that produce the protocollagen and
proteoglycans that ultimately constitute the "matrix" of bone.
23.Vitamin C is involved in protocollagen sythesis.
