N4431 Peds Exam 2 questions with verified answers
Acute Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (APSGN) Ans✓✓✓•
immune process causes inflammation resulting in altered glomerular
structure and function in kidneys 7-14 days after post strep infection;
most commonly associated with group A beta-hemolytic strep infection
• inflammation of glomeruli causes lowered GFR, vasospasms, and
fluid/Na retention
Symptoms:
• Fever, lethargy, headache, low urine output, abdominal pain, vomiting,
anorexia, high BP, edema, increased WOB, crackles, tea or cola colored
urine, and fatigue
Complications:
• uremia and renal failure
Labs:
• proteinuria, hematuria, strep antibody titers, BUN, specific gravity may
be elevated (1.010-1.030)
Treatment:
• maintain fluid volume and manage hypertension
Nursing Management:
• antihypertensives
,• I&O
• daily weight
• BP q4
• monitor edema
• neuro check
• fluid & Na restrictions as ordered
• teaching
Aortic Stenosis Ans✓✓✓• narrowing or stiffness of the aortic valve
• obstructs blood flow out to the body
Treatment:
• surgical intervention needed
• ballon the stenosis valve open
• valve replacement
Arterioventricular Canal (AV Canal) Ans✓✓✓• partial or complete AV
wall fails to form
• one common valve between chambers
• blood shunts from left to right
• common in patients with trisomy 21
• treatment is surgical repair
,Asthma Ans✓✓✓• most common chronic condition in children
• chronic inflammation in airways
• intermittent bronchoconstriction, increased mucus, airway remodeling
• diagnose with pulmonary function testing
Asthma Treatment Ans✓✓✓• bronchodilators
• steroids
• control of triggers
• education
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) Ans✓✓✓• abnormal communication
between the atrial
• allows shunting of blood from high pressure left side to low pressure
right side
Baclofen Pump Ans✓✓✓• acts in spinal cord to improve hyperactive
reflexes and excessive muscle tone; intrathecal baclofen therapy delivers
liquid baclofen into spinal fluid
Nursing:
• incision care (redness, drainage, swelling)
• NOTIFY provider if temp > 101.5 or persistent incision pain
• no tub bath for 2 weeks
• no stomach sleeping 4 wks after pump insertion
, • avoid twisting at waist, reaching up high, stretching, bending forward
or backward 4 wks
• normal activity after healing
• wear loose clothing to prevent irritation
• always carry ID card and emergency info
Bladder Exstrophy Ans✓✓✓• bladder extrudes through lower
abdominal wall
• displaces umbilicus and separates rectus muscles
Nursing Intervention:
• cover exposed bladder with plastic wrap or sterile plastic bag to keep
moist
• keep patient in supine position and change soiled diapers immediately
• use protective cream barriers to prevent skin breakdown
• surgical intervention 48 to 72 hours after birth
• treat bladder spasms with antispasmodic
• may require urinary diversion devices if surgery not effective to
establish continence
Blount Disease Ans✓✓✓• also known as tibia vara or bowed legs.
Cause is unknown
• leg length discrepancy and knee pain common
• treat with bracing if younger than 4 years old
Acute Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (APSGN) Ans✓✓✓•
immune process causes inflammation resulting in altered glomerular
structure and function in kidneys 7-14 days after post strep infection;
most commonly associated with group A beta-hemolytic strep infection
• inflammation of glomeruli causes lowered GFR, vasospasms, and
fluid/Na retention
Symptoms:
• Fever, lethargy, headache, low urine output, abdominal pain, vomiting,
anorexia, high BP, edema, increased WOB, crackles, tea or cola colored
urine, and fatigue
Complications:
• uremia and renal failure
Labs:
• proteinuria, hematuria, strep antibody titers, BUN, specific gravity may
be elevated (1.010-1.030)
Treatment:
• maintain fluid volume and manage hypertension
Nursing Management:
• antihypertensives
,• I&O
• daily weight
• BP q4
• monitor edema
• neuro check
• fluid & Na restrictions as ordered
• teaching
Aortic Stenosis Ans✓✓✓• narrowing or stiffness of the aortic valve
• obstructs blood flow out to the body
Treatment:
• surgical intervention needed
• ballon the stenosis valve open
• valve replacement
Arterioventricular Canal (AV Canal) Ans✓✓✓• partial or complete AV
wall fails to form
• one common valve between chambers
• blood shunts from left to right
• common in patients with trisomy 21
• treatment is surgical repair
,Asthma Ans✓✓✓• most common chronic condition in children
• chronic inflammation in airways
• intermittent bronchoconstriction, increased mucus, airway remodeling
• diagnose with pulmonary function testing
Asthma Treatment Ans✓✓✓• bronchodilators
• steroids
• control of triggers
• education
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) Ans✓✓✓• abnormal communication
between the atrial
• allows shunting of blood from high pressure left side to low pressure
right side
Baclofen Pump Ans✓✓✓• acts in spinal cord to improve hyperactive
reflexes and excessive muscle tone; intrathecal baclofen therapy delivers
liquid baclofen into spinal fluid
Nursing:
• incision care (redness, drainage, swelling)
• NOTIFY provider if temp > 101.5 or persistent incision pain
• no tub bath for 2 weeks
• no stomach sleeping 4 wks after pump insertion
, • avoid twisting at waist, reaching up high, stretching, bending forward
or backward 4 wks
• normal activity after healing
• wear loose clothing to prevent irritation
• always carry ID card and emergency info
Bladder Exstrophy Ans✓✓✓• bladder extrudes through lower
abdominal wall
• displaces umbilicus and separates rectus muscles
Nursing Intervention:
• cover exposed bladder with plastic wrap or sterile plastic bag to keep
moist
• keep patient in supine position and change soiled diapers immediately
• use protective cream barriers to prevent skin breakdown
• surgical intervention 48 to 72 hours after birth
• treat bladder spasms with antispasmodic
• may require urinary diversion devices if surgery not effective to
establish continence
Blount Disease Ans✓✓✓• also known as tibia vara or bowed legs.
Cause is unknown
• leg length discrepancy and knee pain common
• treat with bracing if younger than 4 years old
