TEST BANK
x
,Chapter x1: xCell xAdaptation, xInjury xand xDeath
Ischemia xand xother xtoxic xinjuries xincrease xthe xaccumulation xof xintracellular xcalcium
1. xas xa xresult xof:
A) release xof xstored xcalcium xfrom xthe xmitochondria.
B) improved xintracellular xvolume xregulation.
C) decreased xinflux xacross xthe xcell xmembrane.
D) attraction xof xcalcium xto xfatty xinfiltrates.
The xpatient xis xfound xto xhave xliver xdisease, xresulting xin xthe xremoval xof xa xlobe xof
2. xhis xliver. xAdaptation xto xthe xreduced xsize xof xthe xliver xleads xto x of xthe xremaining
xliver xcells.
A) metaplasia
B) organ xatrophy
C) compensatory xhyperplasia
x
physiologic xhypertrophy
x D)
A xperson xeating xpeanuts xstarts xchoking xand xcollapses. xHis xairway
xobstruction xis xpartially xcleared, xbut xhe xremains xhypoxic xuntil xhe xreaches xthe
3. xhospital. xThe xprolonged xcell xhypoxia xcaused xa xcerebral xinfarction xand
xresulting x in xthe xbrain.
A) caspase xactivation
B) coagulation xnecrosis
C) rapid xphagocytosis
D) protein xp53 xdeficiency
Bacteria xand xviruses xcause xcell xdamage xby x , xwhich xis xunique xfrom xthe
4. xintracellular xdamage xcaused xby xother xinjurious xagents.
A) disrupting xthe xsodium/potassium xATPase xpump
B) interrupting xoxidative xmetabolism xprocesses
x
replicating xand xproducing xcontinued xinjury
x C)
D) decreasing xprotein xsynthesis xand xfunction
The xpatient xhas xa xprolonged xinterruption xin xarterial xblood xflow xto xhis xleft xkidney,
5. xcausing xhypoxic xcell xinjury xand xthe xrelease xof xfree xradicals. xFree xradicals xdamage
xcells xby:
A) destroying xphospholipids xin xthe xcell xmembrane.
B) altering xthe ximmune xresponse xof xthe xcell.
C) disrupting xcalcium xstorage xin xthe xcell.
, D) inactivation xof xenzymes xand xmitochondria.
6. Injured xcells xhave ximpaired xflow xof xsubstances xthrough xthe xcell xmembrane xas xa xresu
xof:
A) increased xfat xload.
B) altered xpermeability.
C) altered xglucose xutilization.
D) increased xsurface xreceptors.
7. Reversible xadaptive xintracellular xresponses xare xinitiated xby:
A) stimulus xoverload.
B) genetic xmutations.
C) chemical xmessengers.
D) mitochondrial xDNA.
8. Injured xcells xbecome xvery xswollen xas xa xresult xof:
A) increased xcell xprotein xsynthesis.
B) altered xcell xvolume xregulation.
C) passive xentry xof xpotassium xinto xthe xcell.
D) bleb xformation xin xthe xplasma xmembrane.
A xdiabetic xpatient xhas ximpaired xsensation, xcirculation, xand xoxygenation xof xhis xfeet.
xHe xsteps xon xa xpiece xof xglass, xthe xwound xdoes xnot xheal, xand xthe xarea xtissue
9. xbecomes xnecrotic. xThe xnecrotic xcell xdeath xis xcharacterized xby:
A) rapid xapoptosis.
B) cellular xrupture.
C) shrinkage xand xcollapse.
D) chronic xinflammation.
A x99-year-old xwoman xhas xexperienced xthe xdecline xof xcell xfunction xassociated xwith
10. xage. xA xgroup xof xtheories xof xcellular xaging xfocus xon xprogrammed:
A) changes xwith xgenetic xinfluences.
B) elimination xof xcell xreceptor xsites.
C) insufficient xtelomerase xenzyme.
x
DNA xmutation xor xfaulty xrepair.
x D)
An x89-year-old xfemale xpatient xhas xexperienced xsignificant xdecreases xin xher
xmobility xand xstamina xduring xa x3-week xhospital xstay xfor xthe xtreatment xof xa
xfemoral xhead xfracture. xWhich xof
11. the xfollowing xphenomena xmost xlikely xaccounts xfor xthe xpatients xdecrease xin
xmuscle xfunction xthat xunderlies xher xreduced xmobility?
, A) Impaired xmuscle xcell xmetabolism xresulting xfrom xmetaplasia
B) Dysplasia xas xa xconsequence xof xinflammation xduring xbone xremodeling
C) Disuse xatrophy xof xmuscle xcells xduring xa xprolonged xperiod xof ximmobility
D) Ischemic xatrophy xresulting xfrom xvascular xchanges xwhile xon xbedrest
A x20-year-old xcollege xstudent xhas xpresented xto xher xcampus xmedical xclinic xfor xa
xscheduled xPapanicolaou x(Pap) xsmear. xThe xclinician xwho xwill xinterpret xthe xsmear
12. xwill xexamine xcell xsamples xfor xevidence xof:
A) changes xin xcell xshape, xsize, xand xorganization.
B) the xpresence xof xunexpected xcell xtypes.
x
ischemic xchanges xin xcell xsamples.
x C)
D) abnormally xhigh xnumbers xof xcells xin xa xspecified xfield.
Which xof xthe xfollowing xpathophysiologic xprocesses xis xmost xlikely xto xresult xin
xmetastatic xcalcification?
x
x 13.
A) Benign xprostatic xhyperplasia
B) Liver xcirrhosis
C) Impaired xglycogen xmetabolism
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite xthe xlow xlevels xof xradiation xused xin xcontemporary xradiologic ximaging, xa
xradiology xtechnician xis xaware xof xthe xneed xto xminimize xher xexposure xto xionizing
14. xradiation. xWhat xis xthe xprimary xrationale xfor xthe xtechnicians xprecautions?
A) Radiation xstimulates xpathologic xcell xhypertrophy xand xhyperplasia.
B) Radiation xresults xin xthe xaccumulation xof xendogenous xwaste xproducts xin xthe
xcytoplasm.
C) Radiation xinterferes xwith xDNA xsynthesis xand xmitosis.
D) Radiation xdecreases xthe xaction xpotential xof xrapidly xdividing xcells.
The xparents xof xa x4-year-old xgirl xhave xsought xcare xbecause xtheir xdaughter xhas
xadmitted xto xchewing xand xswallowing ximported xtoy xfigurines xthat xhave xbeen
15. xdetermined xto xbe xmade xof xlead. xWhich xof xthe xfollowing xblood xtests xshould xthe
xcare xteam xprioritize?
x
White xblood xcell xlevels xwith xdifferential
x A)
B) Red xblood xcell xlevels xand xmorphology
C) Urea xand xcreatinine xlevels
D) Liver xfunction xpanel
x
,Chapter x1: xCell xAdaptation, xInjury xand xDeath
Ischemia xand xother xtoxic xinjuries xincrease xthe xaccumulation xof xintracellular xcalcium
1. xas xa xresult xof:
A) release xof xstored xcalcium xfrom xthe xmitochondria.
B) improved xintracellular xvolume xregulation.
C) decreased xinflux xacross xthe xcell xmembrane.
D) attraction xof xcalcium xto xfatty xinfiltrates.
The xpatient xis xfound xto xhave xliver xdisease, xresulting xin xthe xremoval xof xa xlobe xof
2. xhis xliver. xAdaptation xto xthe xreduced xsize xof xthe xliver xleads xto x of xthe xremaining
xliver xcells.
A) metaplasia
B) organ xatrophy
C) compensatory xhyperplasia
x
physiologic xhypertrophy
x D)
A xperson xeating xpeanuts xstarts xchoking xand xcollapses. xHis xairway
xobstruction xis xpartially xcleared, xbut xhe xremains xhypoxic xuntil xhe xreaches xthe
3. xhospital. xThe xprolonged xcell xhypoxia xcaused xa xcerebral xinfarction xand
xresulting x in xthe xbrain.
A) caspase xactivation
B) coagulation xnecrosis
C) rapid xphagocytosis
D) protein xp53 xdeficiency
Bacteria xand xviruses xcause xcell xdamage xby x , xwhich xis xunique xfrom xthe
4. xintracellular xdamage xcaused xby xother xinjurious xagents.
A) disrupting xthe xsodium/potassium xATPase xpump
B) interrupting xoxidative xmetabolism xprocesses
x
replicating xand xproducing xcontinued xinjury
x C)
D) decreasing xprotein xsynthesis xand xfunction
The xpatient xhas xa xprolonged xinterruption xin xarterial xblood xflow xto xhis xleft xkidney,
5. xcausing xhypoxic xcell xinjury xand xthe xrelease xof xfree xradicals. xFree xradicals xdamage
xcells xby:
A) destroying xphospholipids xin xthe xcell xmembrane.
B) altering xthe ximmune xresponse xof xthe xcell.
C) disrupting xcalcium xstorage xin xthe xcell.
, D) inactivation xof xenzymes xand xmitochondria.
6. Injured xcells xhave ximpaired xflow xof xsubstances xthrough xthe xcell xmembrane xas xa xresu
xof:
A) increased xfat xload.
B) altered xpermeability.
C) altered xglucose xutilization.
D) increased xsurface xreceptors.
7. Reversible xadaptive xintracellular xresponses xare xinitiated xby:
A) stimulus xoverload.
B) genetic xmutations.
C) chemical xmessengers.
D) mitochondrial xDNA.
8. Injured xcells xbecome xvery xswollen xas xa xresult xof:
A) increased xcell xprotein xsynthesis.
B) altered xcell xvolume xregulation.
C) passive xentry xof xpotassium xinto xthe xcell.
D) bleb xformation xin xthe xplasma xmembrane.
A xdiabetic xpatient xhas ximpaired xsensation, xcirculation, xand xoxygenation xof xhis xfeet.
xHe xsteps xon xa xpiece xof xglass, xthe xwound xdoes xnot xheal, xand xthe xarea xtissue
9. xbecomes xnecrotic. xThe xnecrotic xcell xdeath xis xcharacterized xby:
A) rapid xapoptosis.
B) cellular xrupture.
C) shrinkage xand xcollapse.
D) chronic xinflammation.
A x99-year-old xwoman xhas xexperienced xthe xdecline xof xcell xfunction xassociated xwith
10. xage. xA xgroup xof xtheories xof xcellular xaging xfocus xon xprogrammed:
A) changes xwith xgenetic xinfluences.
B) elimination xof xcell xreceptor xsites.
C) insufficient xtelomerase xenzyme.
x
DNA xmutation xor xfaulty xrepair.
x D)
An x89-year-old xfemale xpatient xhas xexperienced xsignificant xdecreases xin xher
xmobility xand xstamina xduring xa x3-week xhospital xstay xfor xthe xtreatment xof xa
xfemoral xhead xfracture. xWhich xof
11. the xfollowing xphenomena xmost xlikely xaccounts xfor xthe xpatients xdecrease xin
xmuscle xfunction xthat xunderlies xher xreduced xmobility?
, A) Impaired xmuscle xcell xmetabolism xresulting xfrom xmetaplasia
B) Dysplasia xas xa xconsequence xof xinflammation xduring xbone xremodeling
C) Disuse xatrophy xof xmuscle xcells xduring xa xprolonged xperiod xof ximmobility
D) Ischemic xatrophy xresulting xfrom xvascular xchanges xwhile xon xbedrest
A x20-year-old xcollege xstudent xhas xpresented xto xher xcampus xmedical xclinic xfor xa
xscheduled xPapanicolaou x(Pap) xsmear. xThe xclinician xwho xwill xinterpret xthe xsmear
12. xwill xexamine xcell xsamples xfor xevidence xof:
A) changes xin xcell xshape, xsize, xand xorganization.
B) the xpresence xof xunexpected xcell xtypes.
x
ischemic xchanges xin xcell xsamples.
x C)
D) abnormally xhigh xnumbers xof xcells xin xa xspecified xfield.
Which xof xthe xfollowing xpathophysiologic xprocesses xis xmost xlikely xto xresult xin
xmetastatic xcalcification?
x
x 13.
A) Benign xprostatic xhyperplasia
B) Liver xcirrhosis
C) Impaired xglycogen xmetabolism
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite xthe xlow xlevels xof xradiation xused xin xcontemporary xradiologic ximaging, xa
xradiology xtechnician xis xaware xof xthe xneed xto xminimize xher xexposure xto xionizing
14. xradiation. xWhat xis xthe xprimary xrationale xfor xthe xtechnicians xprecautions?
A) Radiation xstimulates xpathologic xcell xhypertrophy xand xhyperplasia.
B) Radiation xresults xin xthe xaccumulation xof xendogenous xwaste xproducts xin xthe
xcytoplasm.
C) Radiation xinterferes xwith xDNA xsynthesis xand xmitosis.
D) Radiation xdecreases xthe xaction xpotential xof xrapidly xdividing xcells.
The xparents xof xa x4-year-old xgirl xhave xsought xcare xbecause xtheir xdaughter xhas
xadmitted xto xchewing xand xswallowing ximported xtoy xfigurines xthat xhave xbeen
15. xdetermined xto xbe xmade xof xlead. xWhich xof xthe xfollowing xblood xtests xshould xthe
xcare xteam xprioritize?
x
White xblood xcell xlevels xwith xdifferential
x A)
B) Red xblood xcell xlevels xand xmorphology
C) Urea xand xcreatinine xlevels
D) Liver xfunction xpanel
