NUR 3125: Pathophysiology for Nursing Practice – Final
Exam, Questions and correct answers 2025.
The exam covers common topics such as inflammation, immunity, cardiovascular,
respiratory, renal, endocrine, and neurological systems.
1. What is the primary function of inflammation in the body?
a. To prevent fever
b. To localize and remove injurious agents
c. To inhibit clotting
d. To suppress the immune response
Inflammation is a protective response aimed at eliminating the initial cause of cell
injury, clearing out necrotic cells and tissues, and initiating tissue repair.
2. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with renal failure?
a. Hypokalemia
b. Hypercalcemia
c. Hyperkalemia
d. Hypophosphatemia
The kidneys excrete potassium; in renal failure, potassium builds up in the blood,
leading to hyperkalemia.
3. A client with COPD is at risk for which acid-base imbalance?
a. Metabolic alkalosis
b. Respiratory acidosis
c. Respiratory alkalosis
, d. Metabolic acidosis
Chronic CO₂ retention in COPD leads to respiratory acidosis.
4. What is the most common cause of myocardial infarction?
a. Coronary artery spasm
b. Atherosclerotic plaque rupture and thrombus formation
c. Myocarditis
d. Aortic stenosis
Most MIs are caused by the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque that triggers
thrombus formation and blocks blood flow.
5. Which hormone is deficient in diabetes insipidus?
a. Insulin
b. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
c. Cortisol
d. Aldosterone
ADH deficiency impairs the kidney’s ability to concentrate urine, leading to
polyuria and polydipsia.
6. Which condition is characterized by widespread clotting and bleeding?
a. Hemophilia
b. Thrombocytopenia
c. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
d. von Willebrand disease
DIC is a pathological process involving both clot formation and consumption of
clotting factors, causing bleeding.
Exam, Questions and correct answers 2025.
The exam covers common topics such as inflammation, immunity, cardiovascular,
respiratory, renal, endocrine, and neurological systems.
1. What is the primary function of inflammation in the body?
a. To prevent fever
b. To localize and remove injurious agents
c. To inhibit clotting
d. To suppress the immune response
Inflammation is a protective response aimed at eliminating the initial cause of cell
injury, clearing out necrotic cells and tissues, and initiating tissue repair.
2. Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with renal failure?
a. Hypokalemia
b. Hypercalcemia
c. Hyperkalemia
d. Hypophosphatemia
The kidneys excrete potassium; in renal failure, potassium builds up in the blood,
leading to hyperkalemia.
3. A client with COPD is at risk for which acid-base imbalance?
a. Metabolic alkalosis
b. Respiratory acidosis
c. Respiratory alkalosis
, d. Metabolic acidosis
Chronic CO₂ retention in COPD leads to respiratory acidosis.
4. What is the most common cause of myocardial infarction?
a. Coronary artery spasm
b. Atherosclerotic plaque rupture and thrombus formation
c. Myocarditis
d. Aortic stenosis
Most MIs are caused by the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque that triggers
thrombus formation and blocks blood flow.
5. Which hormone is deficient in diabetes insipidus?
a. Insulin
b. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
c. Cortisol
d. Aldosterone
ADH deficiency impairs the kidney’s ability to concentrate urine, leading to
polyuria and polydipsia.
6. Which condition is characterized by widespread clotting and bleeding?
a. Hemophilia
b. Thrombocytopenia
c. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
d. von Willebrand disease
DIC is a pathological process involving both clot formation and consumption of
clotting factors, causing bleeding.
