NSG 345 Exam 1 -!!
Quiz: What is pharmacokinetics? Ans: What the body does to the drug;
process of drug movement throughout the body (think kinetics = movement)
Quiz: What processes are involved in pharmacokinetics? Ans: ADME
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
Quiz: What is absorption? Ans: Movement of drug into the bloodstream
after administration
Quiz: What are some factors that affect absorption? Ans: -route of
administration
-liver function
-rate of dissolution
-SA
-lipid solubility
-pH
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,Quiz: Does age affect absorption? Ans: YES! Absorption is affected in both
the elderly and very young
-absorption typically slower bc they have less gastric acidity
Quiz: What does the rate of absorption determine? Ans: Rate of absorption
determines how soon effects will begin?
Quiz: What does amount of absorption determine? Ans: How intense effect
will be
Quiz: Distribution Ans: Movement of drug from blood --> body tissue -->
cell
Quiz: Metabolism Ans: Process by which the body chemically changes drug
into a form that can be excreted; breakdown of drug into small components
Quiz: How are most drugs metabolized? Ans: By enzymes in the liver
Quiz: Where else can drugs be metabolized? Ans: Plasma, kidneys, and
intestinal membranes
Quiz: What factors affect metabolism? Ans: -genetics
-diseases
-concurrent use of other meds
-drugs that are enzyme inhibitors
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,-drugs that are enzyme inducers
Quiz: What can cause toxicity or adverse reactions? Ans: drug toxicity can
be caused by impaired renal/hepatic function AND when enzyme inhibiting
drugs are present and compete for binding sites thus leading to drug
accumulation
Quiz: How do genetic play a role in metabolism? Ans: Genetics can allow
some ppl to metabolize a drug more rapidly or more slowly
Quiz: What are some diseased states that can reduce metabolism? Ans: -
liver disease
-kidney disease
-cirrhosis
-heart failure
Quiz: Excretion Ans: refers to the elimination of a drug
Quiz: what are some labs to check for liver function? Ans: BMP, CBC
Quiz: How are drugs excreted? Ans: usually via the kidneys and leave the
body in urine but can also be excreted via sweat, saliva, breast milk, bile, and
expired air
© 2025 Get it right Stuvia US All rights reserved
, Quiz: What are some common tests to check renal function? Ans: eGFR,
BUN, and creatinine
-potassium, sodium?
Quiz: What is pharmacodynamics? Ans: what the drug does to the body
Quiz: what is a primary effect? Ans: desired response; this is what you want
the drug to do
Quiz: what is a secondary effect? Ans: unintended response of the drug;
may be desirable or undesirable
Quiz: Example of primary and secondary effect Ans: Benadryl
primary effect = treating the symptoms of allergies
secondary effect = may cause drowsiness
-undesirable if someone does not want to see but desirable if taken @ bedtime
bc it can be used as a sleeping aid
Quiz: Minimum effective concentration (MEC) Ans: the minimum amount
of drug that is required to produce a therapeutic effect; any level below this
will not produce a TE
© 2025 Get it right Stuvia US All rights reserved
Quiz: What is pharmacokinetics? Ans: What the body does to the drug;
process of drug movement throughout the body (think kinetics = movement)
Quiz: What processes are involved in pharmacokinetics? Ans: ADME
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
Quiz: What is absorption? Ans: Movement of drug into the bloodstream
after administration
Quiz: What are some factors that affect absorption? Ans: -route of
administration
-liver function
-rate of dissolution
-SA
-lipid solubility
-pH
© 2025 Get it right Stuvia US All rights reserved
,Quiz: Does age affect absorption? Ans: YES! Absorption is affected in both
the elderly and very young
-absorption typically slower bc they have less gastric acidity
Quiz: What does the rate of absorption determine? Ans: Rate of absorption
determines how soon effects will begin?
Quiz: What does amount of absorption determine? Ans: How intense effect
will be
Quiz: Distribution Ans: Movement of drug from blood --> body tissue -->
cell
Quiz: Metabolism Ans: Process by which the body chemically changes drug
into a form that can be excreted; breakdown of drug into small components
Quiz: How are most drugs metabolized? Ans: By enzymes in the liver
Quiz: Where else can drugs be metabolized? Ans: Plasma, kidneys, and
intestinal membranes
Quiz: What factors affect metabolism? Ans: -genetics
-diseases
-concurrent use of other meds
-drugs that are enzyme inhibitors
© 2025 Get it right Stuvia US All rights reserved
,-drugs that are enzyme inducers
Quiz: What can cause toxicity or adverse reactions? Ans: drug toxicity can
be caused by impaired renal/hepatic function AND when enzyme inhibiting
drugs are present and compete for binding sites thus leading to drug
accumulation
Quiz: How do genetic play a role in metabolism? Ans: Genetics can allow
some ppl to metabolize a drug more rapidly or more slowly
Quiz: What are some diseased states that can reduce metabolism? Ans: -
liver disease
-kidney disease
-cirrhosis
-heart failure
Quiz: Excretion Ans: refers to the elimination of a drug
Quiz: what are some labs to check for liver function? Ans: BMP, CBC
Quiz: How are drugs excreted? Ans: usually via the kidneys and leave the
body in urine but can also be excreted via sweat, saliva, breast milk, bile, and
expired air
© 2025 Get it right Stuvia US All rights reserved
, Quiz: What are some common tests to check renal function? Ans: eGFR,
BUN, and creatinine
-potassium, sodium?
Quiz: What is pharmacodynamics? Ans: what the drug does to the body
Quiz: what is a primary effect? Ans: desired response; this is what you want
the drug to do
Quiz: what is a secondary effect? Ans: unintended response of the drug;
may be desirable or undesirable
Quiz: Example of primary and secondary effect Ans: Benadryl
primary effect = treating the symptoms of allergies
secondary effect = may cause drowsiness
-undesirable if someone does not want to see but desirable if taken @ bedtime
bc it can be used as a sleeping aid
Quiz: Minimum effective concentration (MEC) Ans: the minimum amount
of drug that is required to produce a therapeutic effect; any level below this
will not produce a TE
© 2025 Get it right Stuvia US All rights reserved
