TEST BANK
1
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE DISCIPLINE.
1. Personality and the Scientific Outlook.
PART II: PSYCHOANALYTIC AND NEOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVES.
2. Freud's Psychoanalytic Perspectives.
3. Jung's Analytical Psychology.
4. Adler's Individual Psychology.
5. Horney's Social and Cultural Psychoanalysis.
6. Erikson's Psychoanalytic Ego Psychology.
7. Kohut's Self Psychology.
PART III: TRAIT PERSPECTIVES.
8. Allport's Trait Theory.
9. Cattell's Structure-Based Systems Theory.
10. Eysenck's Biological Typology.
PART IV: COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVES.
11. Kelly's Theory of Personal Constructs.
PART V: HUMANISTIC/EXISTENTIAL PERSPECTIVES.
12. Maslow's Self-Actualization Position.
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,13. Roger's Person-Centered Theory.
14. May's Existential-Analytic Position.
PART VI: SOCIAL-BEHAVIORISTIC PERSPECTIVES.
15. Skinner's Operant Analysis.
16. Rotter's Expectancy Reinforcement Value Model.
17. Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory.
PART VII: THE ROLE OF THE GRAND THEORIES IN
CONTEMPORARY PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY.
18. Theory and Research in Contemporary Personality Psychology
3
, CHAPTER 1—PERSONALITY AND THE SCIENTIFIC OUTLOOK
CHAPTER OUTLINE
I. Why study personality? The study of human personality helps us understand
ourselves and other people better and gives us a greater appreciation for the
complexity of human experience.
II. Definition of Personality: Personality is the dynamic and organized set of
characteristics possessed by an individual that uniquely influences his or her
cognitions, motivations and behaviors in various situations.
III. Personality and Science: Personality is a scientific enterprise concerned with the
description, explanation, prediction, and control of events.
A. Components of Science: Theories and Research Methods
1. What are theories? A theory is a system of interrelated conceptual
statements that are created by investigators to account for a phenomenon or a
set of phenomena.
2. Kinds of theories
a. inductive-sets of general summary statements about phenomena derived
from facts.
b. deductive-theories in which specific hypotheses are derived from abstract
propositions and then tested by the collection of data. Deductive theories
consist of postulates, propositions, conceptual definitions, operational
definitions, hypotheses, and empirical observations.
1. postulates-the fundamental or core assumptions of a theory. They are
taken as self- evidently true in order to provide a clear and focused
direction for theorizing and research.
2. propositions- general relational statements that may be true or false. They are
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1
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE DISCIPLINE.
1. Personality and the Scientific Outlook.
PART II: PSYCHOANALYTIC AND NEOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVES.
2. Freud's Psychoanalytic Perspectives.
3. Jung's Analytical Psychology.
4. Adler's Individual Psychology.
5. Horney's Social and Cultural Psychoanalysis.
6. Erikson's Psychoanalytic Ego Psychology.
7. Kohut's Self Psychology.
PART III: TRAIT PERSPECTIVES.
8. Allport's Trait Theory.
9. Cattell's Structure-Based Systems Theory.
10. Eysenck's Biological Typology.
PART IV: COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVES.
11. Kelly's Theory of Personal Constructs.
PART V: HUMANISTIC/EXISTENTIAL PERSPECTIVES.
12. Maslow's Self-Actualization Position.
2
,13. Roger's Person-Centered Theory.
14. May's Existential-Analytic Position.
PART VI: SOCIAL-BEHAVIORISTIC PERSPECTIVES.
15. Skinner's Operant Analysis.
16. Rotter's Expectancy Reinforcement Value Model.
17. Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory.
PART VII: THE ROLE OF THE GRAND THEORIES IN
CONTEMPORARY PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY.
18. Theory and Research in Contemporary Personality Psychology
3
, CHAPTER 1—PERSONALITY AND THE SCIENTIFIC OUTLOOK
CHAPTER OUTLINE
I. Why study personality? The study of human personality helps us understand
ourselves and other people better and gives us a greater appreciation for the
complexity of human experience.
II. Definition of Personality: Personality is the dynamic and organized set of
characteristics possessed by an individual that uniquely influences his or her
cognitions, motivations and behaviors in various situations.
III. Personality and Science: Personality is a scientific enterprise concerned with the
description, explanation, prediction, and control of events.
A. Components of Science: Theories and Research Methods
1. What are theories? A theory is a system of interrelated conceptual
statements that are created by investigators to account for a phenomenon or a
set of phenomena.
2. Kinds of theories
a. inductive-sets of general summary statements about phenomena derived
from facts.
b. deductive-theories in which specific hypotheses are derived from abstract
propositions and then tested by the collection of data. Deductive theories
consist of postulates, propositions, conceptual definitions, operational
definitions, hypotheses, and empirical observations.
1. postulates-the fundamental or core assumptions of a theory. They are
taken as self- evidently true in order to provide a clear and focused
direction for theorizing and research.
2. propositions- general relational statements that may be true or false. They are
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