PN 2003 Final 2025/2026 Exam
Questions and Corresponding Answers
with Surety of 100% Pass Mark
chanes to the respiratory system with age - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-PO2 reduced
as much as 15% between ages 20-80
-loss of elasticity and increased rigidity
-decreased ciliary action
-forced expiratory volume reduced
-blunting of cough and laryngeal reflexes
-by age 90 approx 50% increase in residual capacity
-alveoli fewer in nuber and larger in size
-thoracic muscles more rigid
-reduced basilar inflation
-lungs become smaller in size and weigh with age
-trachea stiffens due to calcification of its cartilage
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,-nose experiences connective tissue changes reduce support
-gag reflex weaker
-alveoli are less elasic, develop fibrosis tissue and contain fewer functional
capillaries
-kyphosis
-
changes to the cells of the body - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-number of cells
gradually reduced
-leaving fewer functional cells in the body
-lean body mass reduced
-fat tissue increase s until the sixth decade of life
-total body fat as a porpotion of the body composition increases.
-Cellular solids and bone mass are decreased
-Extracellular fluid remains failry constant
-where as intracellular fluid is decreased
-resulting in less total body fluid
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,-This decrease makes dehydration a significant risk to older adults
Gastroinstestinal System age changes - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-decreased taste
sensation
-esophagus more dilated
-reduced saliva and salivary ptyalin
-liver smaller in size
-reduced instestinal blood flow
-decreased esophageal motility
-atrophy of gastric mucosa
-decreased stomach motility, hunger contractions, and emptying time
-less production of hydrochloric acid, pepsin, lipase, and pancreatic
enzymes
- fewer cells on absorbing surface of intestines
-slower peristalisis
-tongue atrophies
-there is thinning of oral mucosa and a weakening of the muscles involved
in mastication
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, reduced elasticity of stomach
stomach has a higher ph
Urinary System aging - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-decreased size of renal mass
-decreased tubuler function
-decreased bladder capacity
-decrease in nephrons
-betweenages 20 and 90, renal blood flow decreases 53% and glomerular
filtration rate decreases 50
-weaker bladder muscles
-nocturia
-weak bladder muscles
ageing of the female reproductive system - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-fallopian tubes
atrophy and shorten
-ovaries become thicker and smaller
-cervix becomes smaller
-drier less elastic vaginal canal
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
Questions and Corresponding Answers
with Surety of 100% Pass Mark
chanes to the respiratory system with age - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-PO2 reduced
as much as 15% between ages 20-80
-loss of elasticity and increased rigidity
-decreased ciliary action
-forced expiratory volume reduced
-blunting of cough and laryngeal reflexes
-by age 90 approx 50% increase in residual capacity
-alveoli fewer in nuber and larger in size
-thoracic muscles more rigid
-reduced basilar inflation
-lungs become smaller in size and weigh with age
-trachea stiffens due to calcification of its cartilage
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,-nose experiences connective tissue changes reduce support
-gag reflex weaker
-alveoli are less elasic, develop fibrosis tissue and contain fewer functional
capillaries
-kyphosis
-
changes to the cells of the body - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-number of cells
gradually reduced
-leaving fewer functional cells in the body
-lean body mass reduced
-fat tissue increase s until the sixth decade of life
-total body fat as a porpotion of the body composition increases.
-Cellular solids and bone mass are decreased
-Extracellular fluid remains failry constant
-where as intracellular fluid is decreased
-resulting in less total body fluid
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,-This decrease makes dehydration a significant risk to older adults
Gastroinstestinal System age changes - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-decreased taste
sensation
-esophagus more dilated
-reduced saliva and salivary ptyalin
-liver smaller in size
-reduced instestinal blood flow
-decreased esophageal motility
-atrophy of gastric mucosa
-decreased stomach motility, hunger contractions, and emptying time
-less production of hydrochloric acid, pepsin, lipase, and pancreatic
enzymes
- fewer cells on absorbing surface of intestines
-slower peristalisis
-tongue atrophies
-there is thinning of oral mucosa and a weakening of the muscles involved
in mastication
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, reduced elasticity of stomach
stomach has a higher ph
Urinary System aging - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-decreased size of renal mass
-decreased tubuler function
-decreased bladder capacity
-decrease in nephrons
-betweenages 20 and 90, renal blood flow decreases 53% and glomerular
filtration rate decreases 50
-weaker bladder muscles
-nocturia
-weak bladder muscles
ageing of the female reproductive system - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-fallopian tubes
atrophy and shorten
-ovaries become thicker and smaller
-cervix becomes smaller
-drier less elastic vaginal canal
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER:
619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
