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Sumario tectónica de placas

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resumen de la tectónica de placas

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Uploaded on
June 18, 2025
Number of pages
4
Written in
2024/2025
Type
Summary

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Tectónica de placas
1. Método de estudio del interior terrestre
a) Directos (muestras)
- Minas y simas
- Sondeos (testigos)
- Procesos naturales: volcanes, etc…
b) Indirectos (propiedades físicas)
- Meteoritos
- Densidad media
- Método sísmico

Las ondas sísmicas (método sísmico)
Terremoto o seísmo = Liberación de energía por fragmentación de la superficie terrestre. La
energía se transmite mediante ondas

 Superficiales—no proporcionan información
 Por el interior terrestre

La velocidad aumenta con la densidad:

 Ondas P – Longitudinales
 Ondas S – Transversales

Discontinuidad sísmica: cambio brsco en la velocidad de propagación de las ondas – Cambio en
la composición, estado físico y la densidad de los materiales del interior terrestre

o Mohorovicic (corteza – manto) 7 – 70km
o Gutenberg (manto – Núcleo externo) 2900km
o Lehman (núcleo externo – núcleo interno) 5150km


2. Modelos de estudio del interior terrestre
Según el criterio que se utiliza para separar capas

Modelo geoquímico Composición/ estado físico
Corteza:
- Continental: mas gruesa y mas ligera (granito)
- Oceánica: mas delgada y densa (basalto)
Manto
- Rocas: Peridotita
- Mas denso que la corteza
- 660km—Discontinuidad de Repetti: manto superior e inferior
Nucleo
- Formado por Hierro y Niquel
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