4150 Epidemiology Concepts in
Nursing & Global Healthcare
Final Exam Review
(Questions & Solutions)
2025
1
, 1. Multiple Choice
Question:
A 82‑year‑old male with a history of congestive heart failure, chronic
kidney disease, and diabetes presents to the ED with acute dyspnea and
confusion. Which initial assessment parameter is most critical for
determining his immediate risk of deterioration?
- A. Temperature
- B. Oxygen saturation
- C. Blood glucose
- D. Jugular venous distension
Correct ANS:
B. Oxygen saturation
Rationale:
Oxygen saturation provides an immediate measure of tissue oxygenation.
In a high‑risk, multi‑comorbid older adult, hypoxemia can quickly lead to
organ dysfunction; hence, it is a priority during initial assessment.
---
2. Fill-in-the-Blank
Question:
The systematic framework consisting of assessment, diagnosis, planning,
implementation, and evaluation is known as the __________.
Correct ANS:
nursing process
Rationale:
The nursing process provides a structured, cyclical approach that
customizes care for both acute crises and chronic management based on
2
, patient data and evidence‑based guidelines.
---
3. True/False
Question:
True or False: Older adults experiencing critical illness frequently present
with atypical symptoms such as confusion, generalized weakness, or falls,
rather than classic chest pain or fever.
Correct ANS:
True
Rationale:
Age-related physiologic changes and multiple comorbidities often blur
classic presentations. Recognizing atypical signs is pivotal for early
diagnosis and intervention in critical care.
---
4. Multiple Response
Question:
Which components are essential when performing a comprehensive
assessment in an acutely ill adult? (Select all that apply)
- A. Vital signs and hemodynamic status
- B. Mental status and cognitive function
- C. Nutritional status and weight history
- D. Social, cultural, and psychosocial factors
- E. Patient’s astrological sign
Correct ANSs:
A, B, C, D
Rationale:
A holistic assessment must combine physiologic, cognitive, nutritional,
3
Nursing & Global Healthcare
Final Exam Review
(Questions & Solutions)
2025
1
, 1. Multiple Choice
Question:
A 82‑year‑old male with a history of congestive heart failure, chronic
kidney disease, and diabetes presents to the ED with acute dyspnea and
confusion. Which initial assessment parameter is most critical for
determining his immediate risk of deterioration?
- A. Temperature
- B. Oxygen saturation
- C. Blood glucose
- D. Jugular venous distension
Correct ANS:
B. Oxygen saturation
Rationale:
Oxygen saturation provides an immediate measure of tissue oxygenation.
In a high‑risk, multi‑comorbid older adult, hypoxemia can quickly lead to
organ dysfunction; hence, it is a priority during initial assessment.
---
2. Fill-in-the-Blank
Question:
The systematic framework consisting of assessment, diagnosis, planning,
implementation, and evaluation is known as the __________.
Correct ANS:
nursing process
Rationale:
The nursing process provides a structured, cyclical approach that
customizes care for both acute crises and chronic management based on
2
, patient data and evidence‑based guidelines.
---
3. True/False
Question:
True or False: Older adults experiencing critical illness frequently present
with atypical symptoms such as confusion, generalized weakness, or falls,
rather than classic chest pain or fever.
Correct ANS:
True
Rationale:
Age-related physiologic changes and multiple comorbidities often blur
classic presentations. Recognizing atypical signs is pivotal for early
diagnosis and intervention in critical care.
---
4. Multiple Response
Question:
Which components are essential when performing a comprehensive
assessment in an acutely ill adult? (Select all that apply)
- A. Vital signs and hemodynamic status
- B. Mental status and cognitive function
- C. Nutritional status and weight history
- D. Social, cultural, and psychosocial factors
- E. Patient’s astrological sign
Correct ANSs:
A, B, C, D
Rationale:
A holistic assessment must combine physiologic, cognitive, nutritional,
3
