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Exam (elaborations)

Test Bank - Pilbeam’s Mechanical Ventilation-Physiological and Clinical Applications, 7th Edition (Cairo, 2020), Chapter 1-23 | All Chapters

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Test Bank - Pilbeam’s Mechanical Ventilation-Physiological and Clinical Applications, 7th Edition (Cairo, 2020), Chapter 1-23 | All Chapters

Institution
Pilbeam’s Mechanical Ventilation, Cairo, 7e
Course
Pilbeam’s Mechanical Ventilation, Cairo, 7e











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Institution
Pilbeam’s Mechanical Ventilation, Cairo, 7e
Course
Pilbeam’s Mechanical Ventilation, Cairo, 7e

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Uploaded on
June 17, 2025
Number of pages
292
Written in
2025/2026
Type
Exam (elaborations)
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Questions & answers

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,chapter 1; Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation
y y y y y y y y


Test Bank
y y




MULTIPLE CHOICE y




1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the lungs is
y y y y y y y y y y y y


known as which of the following?
y y y y y y



a. External respiration y



b. Internal respiration y



c. Spontaneous ventilation y



d. Mechanical ventilation y




ANS: C y


The conduction of air in and out of the body is known as
y y y y y y y y y y y y


ventilation. Since the question asks for the body’s mechanism,
y y y y y y y y y


this would be spontaneous ventilation. External respiration
y y y y y y y


involves the exchange of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2)
y y y y y y y y y y


between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Internal
y y y y y y y y


respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves movement of
y y y y y y y y y y


oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
y y y y y y y y




DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 y y




2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
y y y y y y y y



a. Red blood cells and body cells y y y y y



b. Scalenes and trapezius y y


muscles
c. Alveoli and pulmonary y y


capillaries
d. External oblique and y y


transverse abdominal muscles y y




ANS: C y


External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon
y y y y y y y y


dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries.
y y y y y y y y y


Internal respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves
y y y y y y y y y


movement of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
y y y y y y y y y y


Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of
y y y y y y y


inspiration. External oblique and transverse abdominal muscles
y y y y y y y


are accessory muscles of expiration.
y y y y y

, DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 y y




3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during
y y y y y y y


normal spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of the
y y y y y y y y y


following?
y



a.
b.
c.
d.


ANS: B y


During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure drops
y y y y y y


from about -5 cm H2O at end-expiration to about -10 cm H2O at
y y y y y y y y y y y y y


end-inspiration. The graph depicted for answer B shows that
y y y y y y y y y


change from -5 cm H2O to -10 cm H2O.
y y y y y y y y y




DIF: 1 REF: pg. 4 y y




4. During spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (PA) is about:
y y y y y y y


.
a. - 1 cm H2O y y y



b. + 1 cm H2O y y y



c. 0 cm H2O y y



d. 5 cm H2O y y




ANS: A y


-1 cm H2O is the lowest alveolar pressure will become during
y y y y y y y y y y


normal spontaneous ventilation. During the exhalation of a
y y y y y y y y


ynormal spontaneous breath the alveolar pressure will become +1
y y y y y y y y


cm H2O.
y y




DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 y y




5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is known as
y y y y y y y y y


which of the following?
y y y y



a. Transairway pressure (PTA ) y y y



b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) y y



c. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) y y

, d. Transpulmonary pressure (PL) y y




ANS: D y


The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the pressure
y y y y y y y y


required to maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway pressure (PTA )
y y y y y y y y y


is the pressure gradient required to produce airflow in the
y y y y y y y y y y


conducting tubes. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) is the pressure to
y y y y y y y y y


inflate the lungs and airways during positive pressure ventilation.
y y y y y y y y y


Transthoracic pressure (PTT) represents the pressure required to
y y y y y y y y


expand or contract the lungs and the chest wall at the same time.
y y y y y y y y y y y y y




DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 y y




6. Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway resistance
y y y y y y y


during positive pressure ventilation when the proximal airway
y y y y y y y y


pressure (PAw) is 35 cm H2O and the alveolar pressure (PA) is 5 cm
y y y y y y y y y y y y y y


H2O.
y



a. 7 cm H2O y y



b. 30 cm H2O y y



c. 40 cm H2O y y



d. 175 cm H2O y y




ANS: B y


The transairway pressure (PTA ) is used to calculate the pressure
y y y y y y y y y y


required to overcome airway resistance during mechanical
y y y y y y y


ventilation. This formula is PTA = Paw - PA.
y y y y y y y y y




DIF: 2 REF: pg. 3 y y




7. The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to return to
y y y y y y y y y y y y


its original form after being stretched or acted on by an outside
y y y y y y y y y y y y


force is which of the following?
y y y y y y



a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance y



d. Distending pressure y

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