,chapter 1; Basic Terms and Concepts of Mechanical Ventilation
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Test Bank
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MULTIPLE CHOICE w
1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the lungs
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is known as which of the following?
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a. External respiration w
b. Internal respiration w
c. Spontaneous ventilation w
d. Mechanical ventilation w
ANS: C w
The conduction of air in and out of the body is known as
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ventilation. Since the question asks for the body’s mechanism,
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this would be spontaneous ventilation. External respiration
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involves the exchange of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2)
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between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Internal
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respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves movement
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of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 w w
2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
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a. Red blood cells and body cells w w w w w
b. Scalenes and trapezius w w
muscles
c. Alveoli and pulmonary w w
capillaries
d. External oblique and w w
transverse abdominal muscles w w
ANS: C w
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon
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dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries.
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Internal respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves
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movement of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
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Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of
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inspiration. External oblique and transverse abdominal muscles
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are accessory muscles of expiration.
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, DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 w w
3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during
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normal spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of the
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following?
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a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B w
During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure drops
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from about -5 cm H2O at end-expiration to about -10 cm H2O
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at end-inspiration. The graph depicted for answer B shows that
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change from -5 cm H2O to -10 cm H2O.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 4 w w
4. During spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (PA) is about:
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.
a. - 1 cm H2O w w w
b. + 1 cm H2O w w w
c. 0 cm H2O w w
d. 5 cm H2O w w
ANS: A w
-1 cm H2O is the lowest alveolar pressure will become during
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wnormal spontaneous ventilation. During the exhalation of a
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wnormal spontaneous breath the alveolar pressure will become +1
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wcm H2O. w
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 w w
5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is known as
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which of the following?
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a. Transairway pressure (PTA ) w w w
b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) w w
c. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) w w
, d. Transpulmonary pressure (PL) w w
ANS: D w
The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the pressure
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required to maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway pressure (PTA
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) is the pressure gradient required to produce airflow in the
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conducting tubes. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) is the pressure
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to inflate the lungs and airways during positive pressure
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ventilation. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) represents the pressure
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required to expand or contract the lungs and the chest wall at
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the same time.
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DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 w w
6. Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway resistance
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during positive pressure ventilation when the proximal airway
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pressure (PAw) is 35 cm H2O and the alveolar pressure (PA) is 5 cm
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wH2O.
a. 7 cm H2O w w
b. 30 cm H2O w w
c. 40 cm H2O w w
d. 175 cm H2O w w
ANS: B w
The transairway pressure (PTA ) is used to calculate the pressure
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required to overcome airway resistance during mechanical
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ventilation. This formula is PTA = Paw - PA.
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DIF: 2 REF: pg. 3 w w
7. The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to return
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to its original form after being stretched or acted on by an
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outside force is which of the following?
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a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance w
d. Distending pressure w
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Test Bank
w w
MULTIPLE CHOICE w
1. The body’s mechanism for conducting air in and out of the lungs
w w w w w w w w w w w
is known as which of the following?
w w w w w w w
a. External respiration w
b. Internal respiration w
c. Spontaneous ventilation w
d. Mechanical ventilation w
ANS: C w
The conduction of air in and out of the body is known as
w w w w w w w w w w w w
ventilation. Since the question asks for the body’s mechanism,
w w w w w w w w w
this would be spontaneous ventilation. External respiration
w w w w w w w
involves the exchange of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2)
w w w w w w w w w w
between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Internal
w w w w w w w w
respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves movement
w w w w w w w w w
of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
w w w w w w w w w
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 w w
2. Which of the following are involved in external respiration?
w w w w w w w w
a. Red blood cells and body cells w w w w w
b. Scalenes and trapezius w w
muscles
c. Alveoli and pulmonary w w
capillaries
d. External oblique and w w
transverse abdominal muscles w w
ANS: C w
External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon
w w w w w w w w
dioxide (CO2) between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries.
w w w w w w w w w
Internal respiration occurs at the cellular level and involves
w w w w w w w w w
movement of oxygen from the systemic blood into the cells.
w w w w w w w w w w
Scalene and trapezius muscles are accessory muscles of
w w w w w w w
inspiration. External oblique and transverse abdominal muscles
w w w w w w w
are accessory muscles of expiration.
w w w w w
, DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 w w
3. The graph that shows intrapleural pressure changes during
w w w w w w w
normal spontaneous breathing is depicted by which of the
w w w w w w w w w
following?
w
a.
b.
c.
d.
ANS: B w
During spontaneous breathing the intrapleural pressure drops
w w w w w w
from about -5 cm H2O at end-expiration to about -10 cm H2O
w w w w w w w w w w w w
at end-inspiration. The graph depicted for answer B shows that
w w w w w w w w w w
change from -5 cm H2O to -10 cm H2O.
w w w w w w w w w
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 4 w w
4. During spontaneous inspiration alveolar pressure (PA) is about:
w w w w w w w
.
a. - 1 cm H2O w w w
b. + 1 cm H2O w w w
c. 0 cm H2O w w
d. 5 cm H2O w w
ANS: A w
-1 cm H2O is the lowest alveolar pressure will become during
w w w w w w w w w w
wnormal spontaneous ventilation. During the exhalation of a
w w w w w w w
wnormal spontaneous breath the alveolar pressure will become +1
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wcm H2O. w
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 w w
5. The pressure required to maintain alveolar inflation is known as
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which of the following?
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a. Transairway pressure (PTA ) w w w
b. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) w w
c. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) w w
, d. Transpulmonary pressure (PL) w w
ANS: D w
The definition of transpulmonary pressure (PL) is the pressure
w w w w w w w w
required to maintain alveolar inflation. Transairway pressure (PTA
w w w w w w w w
) is the pressure gradient required to produce airflow in the
w w w w w w w w w w w
conducting tubes. Transrespiratory pressure (PTR) is the pressure
w w w w w w w w
to inflate the lungs and airways during positive pressure
w w w w w w w w w
ventilation. Transthoracic pressure (PTT) represents the pressure
w w w w w w w
required to expand or contract the lungs and the chest wall at
w w w w w w w w w w w w
the same time.
w w w
DIF: 1 REF: pg. 3 w w
6. Calculate the pressure needed to overcome airway resistance
w w w w w w w
during positive pressure ventilation when the proximal airway
w w w w w w w w
pressure (PAw) is 35 cm H2O and the alveolar pressure (PA) is 5 cm
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wH2O.
a. 7 cm H2O w w
b. 30 cm H2O w w
c. 40 cm H2O w w
d. 175 cm H2O w w
ANS: B w
The transairway pressure (PTA ) is used to calculate the pressure
w w w w w w w w w w
required to overcome airway resistance during mechanical
w w w w w w w
ventilation. This formula is PTA = Paw - PA.
w w w w w w w w w
DIF: 2 REF: pg. 3 w w
7. The term used to describe the tendency of a structure to return
w w w w w w w w w w w
to its original form after being stretched or acted on by an
w w w w w w w w w w w w
outside force is which of the following?
w w w w w w w
a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscous resistance w
d. Distending pressure w
