Hesi Herzing University -HESI EXAM 1 FALL
2024 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Course
Hesi
1. Anatomy & Physiology
Q1: Which organ is primarily responsible for detoxifying chemicals and metabolizing drugs?
A. Kidney
B. Liver
C. Pancreas
D. Small Intestine
Answer: B. Liver
Explanation:
The liver is the primary organ for detoxifying harmful substances and metabolizing medications.
It converts drugs into less harmful compounds and prepares them for elimination from the body.
2. Pharmacology
Q2: A nurse administers digoxin to a patient with atrial fibrillation. Before giving the
medication, the nurse should check:
A. Respiratory rate
B. Serum potassium level
C. Blood glucose level
D. Pupillary response
Answer: B. Serum potassium level
Explanation:
Low potassium (hypokalemia) increases the risk of digoxin toxicity. Therefore, always
monitor potassium levels and apical heart rate prior to administration.
3. Pathophysiology
Q3: What is the primary pathological change in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
,A. Insulin resistance
B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
C. Overproduction of insulin
D. Hypothyroidism
Answer: B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
Explanation:
In Type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks the pancreatic beta cells, which produce
insulin, leading to insulin deficiency.
4. Fundamentals of Nursing
Q4: Which of the following is considered a normal range for adult blood pressure?
A. 140/90 mmHg
B. 100/60 mmHg
C. 160/100 mmHg
D. 130/95 mmHg
Answer: B. 100/60 mmHg
Explanation:
Normal adult blood pressure ranges from 90/60 mmHg to 120/80 mmHg. A reading of 100/60
mmHg is on the low end but still normal.
5. Pharmacology
Q5: A patient is prescribed furosemide (Lasix). Which electrolyte imbalance should the nurse
monitor for?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: C. Hypokalemia
Explanation:
Furosemide, a loop diuretic, causes the excretion of potassium, leading to hypokalemia, which
can result in arrhythmias.
,6. Anatomy & Physiology
Q6: Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
A. Cerebrum
B. Medulla oblongata
C. Cerebellum
D. Hypothalamus
Answer: C. Cerebellum
Explanation:
The cerebellum regulates muscle coordination, posture, and balance.
7. Pathophysiology
Q7: Which condition is most closely associated with Barrett's esophagus?
A. Peptic ulcer disease
B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
C. Ulcerative colitis
D. Crohn’s disease
Answer: B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Explanation:
Barrett’s esophagus is a complication of chronic GERD, where normal esophageal cells are
replaced with intestinal-type cells due to acid damage.
8. Fundamentals of Nursing
Q8: When inserting an indwelling urinary catheter, the nurse should use:
A. Clean technique
B. Sterile technique
C. Universal precautions only
D. Droplet precautions
Answer: B. Sterile technique
, Explanation:
Urinary catheterization is a sterile procedure to prevent introducing bacteria into the urinary
tract, which can cause infection.
9. Pharmacology
Q9: A patient taking warfarin (Coumadin) should be taught to avoid:
A. Citrus fruits
B. Leafy green vegetables
C. Dairy products
D. Whole grains
Answer: B. Leafy green vegetables
Explanation:
Leafy greens are high in vitamin K, which can antagonize warfarin and reduce its
effectiveness. Patients should maintain a consistent vitamin K intake.
10. Anatomy & Physiology
Q10: Which structure of the heart is known as the natural pacemaker?
A. AV node
B. SA node
C. Bundle of His
D. Purkinje fibers
Answer: B. SA node
Explanation:
The sinoatrial (SA) node generates the electrical impulse that initiates the heartbeat, making it
the natural pacemaker of the heart.
11. Pathophysiology
Q11: Which of the following is a classic sign of left-sided heart failure?
A. Peripheral edema
B. Jugular vein distention
C. Pulmonary congestion
D. Hepatomegaly
2024 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Course
Hesi
1. Anatomy & Physiology
Q1: Which organ is primarily responsible for detoxifying chemicals and metabolizing drugs?
A. Kidney
B. Liver
C. Pancreas
D. Small Intestine
Answer: B. Liver
Explanation:
The liver is the primary organ for detoxifying harmful substances and metabolizing medications.
It converts drugs into less harmful compounds and prepares them for elimination from the body.
2. Pharmacology
Q2: A nurse administers digoxin to a patient with atrial fibrillation. Before giving the
medication, the nurse should check:
A. Respiratory rate
B. Serum potassium level
C. Blood glucose level
D. Pupillary response
Answer: B. Serum potassium level
Explanation:
Low potassium (hypokalemia) increases the risk of digoxin toxicity. Therefore, always
monitor potassium levels and apical heart rate prior to administration.
3. Pathophysiology
Q3: What is the primary pathological change in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?
,A. Insulin resistance
B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
C. Overproduction of insulin
D. Hypothyroidism
Answer: B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
Explanation:
In Type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks the pancreatic beta cells, which produce
insulin, leading to insulin deficiency.
4. Fundamentals of Nursing
Q4: Which of the following is considered a normal range for adult blood pressure?
A. 140/90 mmHg
B. 100/60 mmHg
C. 160/100 mmHg
D. 130/95 mmHg
Answer: B. 100/60 mmHg
Explanation:
Normal adult blood pressure ranges from 90/60 mmHg to 120/80 mmHg. A reading of 100/60
mmHg is on the low end but still normal.
5. Pharmacology
Q5: A patient is prescribed furosemide (Lasix). Which electrolyte imbalance should the nurse
monitor for?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
Answer: C. Hypokalemia
Explanation:
Furosemide, a loop diuretic, causes the excretion of potassium, leading to hypokalemia, which
can result in arrhythmias.
,6. Anatomy & Physiology
Q6: Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
A. Cerebrum
B. Medulla oblongata
C. Cerebellum
D. Hypothalamus
Answer: C. Cerebellum
Explanation:
The cerebellum regulates muscle coordination, posture, and balance.
7. Pathophysiology
Q7: Which condition is most closely associated with Barrett's esophagus?
A. Peptic ulcer disease
B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
C. Ulcerative colitis
D. Crohn’s disease
Answer: B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Explanation:
Barrett’s esophagus is a complication of chronic GERD, where normal esophageal cells are
replaced with intestinal-type cells due to acid damage.
8. Fundamentals of Nursing
Q8: When inserting an indwelling urinary catheter, the nurse should use:
A. Clean technique
B. Sterile technique
C. Universal precautions only
D. Droplet precautions
Answer: B. Sterile technique
, Explanation:
Urinary catheterization is a sterile procedure to prevent introducing bacteria into the urinary
tract, which can cause infection.
9. Pharmacology
Q9: A patient taking warfarin (Coumadin) should be taught to avoid:
A. Citrus fruits
B. Leafy green vegetables
C. Dairy products
D. Whole grains
Answer: B. Leafy green vegetables
Explanation:
Leafy greens are high in vitamin K, which can antagonize warfarin and reduce its
effectiveness. Patients should maintain a consistent vitamin K intake.
10. Anatomy & Physiology
Q10: Which structure of the heart is known as the natural pacemaker?
A. AV node
B. SA node
C. Bundle of His
D. Purkinje fibers
Answer: B. SA node
Explanation:
The sinoatrial (SA) node generates the electrical impulse that initiates the heartbeat, making it
the natural pacemaker of the heart.
11. Pathophysiology
Q11: Which of the following is a classic sign of left-sided heart failure?
A. Peripheral edema
B. Jugular vein distention
C. Pulmonary congestion
D. Hepatomegaly
