Rubin's Pathology: Clinicopathologic Foundations of Medicine Testban
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k/Studyguide
Chapter 1: Cell Adaptation, Injury and Death
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Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a result of:
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
1.
A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
g g g g g g
B) improved intracellular volume regulation. g g g
C) decreased influx across the cell membrane. g g g g g
D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates. g g g g g
The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver. Adaptatio
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
2. n to the reduced size of the liver leads to
g g g of the remaining liver cells.
g g g g g g g g g g g
A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy g
C) compensatory hyperplasia g
D) physiologic hypertrophy g
A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partially clea
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
red, but he remains hypoxic until he reaches the hospital. The prolonged cell hypoxia caused a
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
3. cerebral infarction and resulting
g g in the brain. g g g g g
A) caspase activation g
B) coagulation necrosis g
C) rapid phagocytosis g
D) protein p53 deficiency g g
Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage byg g g g g g g
4. , which is unique from the intracellular d g g g g g g g
amage caused by other injurious agents.
g g g g g
A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump g g g g
B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processes g g g
C) replicating and producing continued injury g g g g
D) decreasing protein synthesis and function g g g g
The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causing hypoxic cel
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
5. l injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
g g g g g g g g g g g g
A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane. g g g g g
B) altering the immune response of the cell.g g g g g g
C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell. g g g g g
WWW.TESTBANKTANK.COM
,D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria. g g g g
6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
A) increased fat load. g g
B) altered permeability. g
C) altered glucose utilization. g g
D) increased surface receptors. g g
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
g g g g g g
A) stimulus overload. g
B) genetic mutations. g
C) chemical messengers. g
D) mitochondrial DNA. g
8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
g g g g g g g g
A) increased cell protein synthesis. g g g
B) altered cell volume regulation. g g g
C) passive entry of potassium into the cell.
g g g g g g
D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
g g g g g
A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He steps on a pie
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
ce of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic. The necrotic cell death is
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
9. characterized by:
g g
A) rapid apoptosis. g
B) cellular rupture. g
C) shrinkage and collapse. g g
D) chronic inflammation. g
A 99-year- g
10. old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A group of theories of
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
cellular aging focus on programmed:
g g g g g
A) changes with genetic influences. g g g
B) elimination of cell receptor sites. g g g g
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme. g g
D) DNA mutation or faulty repair.
g g g g
An 89-year- g
old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and stamina during a 3-
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of the following phenomen
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
11. a most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function
g g g g g g g g g g
that underlies her reduced mobility?
g g g g
WWW.TESTBANKTANK.COM
,A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia g g g g g g
B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling g g g g g g g g
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
g g g g g g g g g g
D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest g g g g g g g g
A 20-year-
g
old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled Papanicolaou (Pap)
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
12. smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples for evidence of:
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
A) changes in cell shape, size, and organization. g g g g g g
B) the presence of unexpected cell types.
g g g g g
C) ischemic changes in cell samples. g g g g
D) abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field. g g g g g g g g
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic calcificatio
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
13.
A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia g g
B) Liver cirrhosis g
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism g g
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology technician
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the primary rationale for t
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
14. technicians precautions? g
A) Radiation stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia. g g g g g g
B) Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm.
g g g g g g g g g g g
C) Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis. g g g g g g
D) Radiation decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells. g g g g g g g g
The parents of a 4-year-
g g g g
old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to chewing and swallowing imported
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
15. toy figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of the following blood tests sho
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
uld the care team prioritize?
g g g g
A) White blood cell levels with differential g g g g g
B) Red blood cell levels and morphology
g g g g g
C) Urea and creatinine levels g g g
D) Liver function panel g g
A 70-year-
g
old male patient has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment of a recent hemorrhagic stroke that
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
16. as left him with numerous motor and sensory deficits. These deficits
g g g g g g g g g g
are most likely the result of which of the following mechanisms of cell injury?
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
WWW.TESTBANKTANK.COM
, A) Free radical injury
g g
B) Hypoxia and ATP depletion g g g
C) Interference with DNA synthesis g g g
D) Impaired calcium homeostasis g g
Which of the following processes associated with cellular injury is most likely to be reversible?
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
17.
A) Cell damage resulting from accumulation of fat in the cytoplasm
g g g g g g g g g
B) Cellular changes as a result of ionizing radiation
g g g g g g g
C) Cell damage from accumulation of free radicals
g g g g g g
D) Apoptosis
18. The extrinsic pathway of apoptosis can be initiated by:
g g g g g g g g
A) damage to cellular DNA. g g g
B) decreased ATP levels. g g
C) activation of the p53 protein. g g g g
D) activation of death receptors on the cell surface.
g g g g g g g
A patient with severe peripheral vascular disease has developed signs of dry gangrene on the great t
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
oe of one foot. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes most likely contributed to this d
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
19. iagnosis?
A) Inappropriate activation of apoptosis g g g
B) Bacterial invasion g
C) Impaired arterial blood supply g g g
D) Metaplastic cellular changes g g
20. Which of the following facts underlies the concept of replicative senescence?
g g g g g g g g g g
Genes controlling longevity are present or absent in varying quantities among different indivi
g g g g g g g g g g g g
A) als.
B) Telomeres become progressively shorter in successive generations of a cell.
g g g g g g g g g
The damaging influence of free radicals increases exponentially in later generations of a cell.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
C)
D) Aging produces mutations in DNA and deficits in DNA repair.
g g g g g g g g g
Answer Key
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. C
WWW.TESTBANKTANK.COM
g g g g g g
k/Studyguide
Chapter 1: Cell Adaptation, Injury and Death
g g g g g g
Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a result of:
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
1.
A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
g g g g g g
B) improved intracellular volume regulation. g g g
C) decreased influx across the cell membrane. g g g g g
D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates. g g g g g
The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver. Adaptatio
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
2. n to the reduced size of the liver leads to
g g g of the remaining liver cells.
g g g g g g g g g g g
A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy g
C) compensatory hyperplasia g
D) physiologic hypertrophy g
A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partially clea
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
red, but he remains hypoxic until he reaches the hospital. The prolonged cell hypoxia caused a
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
3. cerebral infarction and resulting
g g in the brain. g g g g g
A) caspase activation g
B) coagulation necrosis g
C) rapid phagocytosis g
D) protein p53 deficiency g g
Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage byg g g g g g g
4. , which is unique from the intracellular d g g g g g g g
amage caused by other injurious agents.
g g g g g
A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump g g g g
B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processes g g g
C) replicating and producing continued injury g g g g
D) decreasing protein synthesis and function g g g g
The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causing hypoxic cel
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
5. l injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
g g g g g g g g g g g g
A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane. g g g g g
B) altering the immune response of the cell.g g g g g g
C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell. g g g g g
WWW.TESTBANKTANK.COM
,D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria. g g g g
6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
A) increased fat load. g g
B) altered permeability. g
C) altered glucose utilization. g g
D) increased surface receptors. g g
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
g g g g g g
A) stimulus overload. g
B) genetic mutations. g
C) chemical messengers. g
D) mitochondrial DNA. g
8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
g g g g g g g g
A) increased cell protein synthesis. g g g
B) altered cell volume regulation. g g g
C) passive entry of potassium into the cell.
g g g g g g
D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
g g g g g
A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He steps on a pie
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
ce of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic. The necrotic cell death is
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
9. characterized by:
g g
A) rapid apoptosis. g
B) cellular rupture. g
C) shrinkage and collapse. g g
D) chronic inflammation. g
A 99-year- g
10. old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A group of theories of
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
cellular aging focus on programmed:
g g g g g
A) changes with genetic influences. g g g
B) elimination of cell receptor sites. g g g g
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme. g g
D) DNA mutation or faulty repair.
g g g g
An 89-year- g
old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and stamina during a 3-
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of the following phenomen
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
11. a most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function
g g g g g g g g g g
that underlies her reduced mobility?
g g g g
WWW.TESTBANKTANK.COM
,A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia g g g g g g
B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling g g g g g g g g
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
g g g g g g g g g g
D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest g g g g g g g g
A 20-year-
g
old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled Papanicolaou (Pap)
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
12. smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples for evidence of:
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
A) changes in cell shape, size, and organization. g g g g g g
B) the presence of unexpected cell types.
g g g g g
C) ischemic changes in cell samples. g g g g
D) abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field. g g g g g g g g
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic calcificatio
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
13.
A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia g g
B) Liver cirrhosis g
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism g g
D) Hyperparathyroidism
Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology technician
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the primary rationale for t
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
14. technicians precautions? g
A) Radiation stimulates pathologic cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia. g g g g g g
B) Radiation results in the accumulation of endogenous waste products in the cytoplasm.
g g g g g g g g g g g
C) Radiation interferes with DNA synthesis and mitosis. g g g g g g
D) Radiation decreases the action potential of rapidly dividing cells. g g g g g g g g
The parents of a 4-year-
g g g g
old girl have sought care because their daughter has admitted to chewing and swallowing imported
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
15. toy figurines that have been determined to be made of lead. Which of the following blood tests sho
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
uld the care team prioritize?
g g g g
A) White blood cell levels with differential g g g g g
B) Red blood cell levels and morphology
g g g g g
C) Urea and creatinine levels g g g
D) Liver function panel g g
A 70-year-
g
old male patient has been admitted to a hospital for the treatment of a recent hemorrhagic stroke that
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
16. as left him with numerous motor and sensory deficits. These deficits
g g g g g g g g g g
are most likely the result of which of the following mechanisms of cell injury?
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
WWW.TESTBANKTANK.COM
, A) Free radical injury
g g
B) Hypoxia and ATP depletion g g g
C) Interference with DNA synthesis g g g
D) Impaired calcium homeostasis g g
Which of the following processes associated with cellular injury is most likely to be reversible?
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
17.
A) Cell damage resulting from accumulation of fat in the cytoplasm
g g g g g g g g g
B) Cellular changes as a result of ionizing radiation
g g g g g g g
C) Cell damage from accumulation of free radicals
g g g g g g
D) Apoptosis
18. The extrinsic pathway of apoptosis can be initiated by:
g g g g g g g g
A) damage to cellular DNA. g g g
B) decreased ATP levels. g g
C) activation of the p53 protein. g g g g
D) activation of death receptors on the cell surface.
g g g g g g g
A patient with severe peripheral vascular disease has developed signs of dry gangrene on the great t
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
oe of one foot. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes most likely contributed to this d
g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g
19. iagnosis?
A) Inappropriate activation of apoptosis g g g
B) Bacterial invasion g
C) Impaired arterial blood supply g g g
D) Metaplastic cellular changes g g
20. Which of the following facts underlies the concept of replicative senescence?
g g g g g g g g g g
Genes controlling longevity are present or absent in varying quantities among different indivi
g g g g g g g g g g g g
A) als.
B) Telomeres become progressively shorter in successive generations of a cell.
g g g g g g g g g
The damaging influence of free radicals increases exponentially in later generations of a cell.
g g g g g g g g g g g g g
C)
D) Aging produces mutations in DNA and deficits in DNA repair.
g g g g g g g g g
Answer Key
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. C
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