RRT- Lindsey Jones (2025) comprehensive questions and
verified answers ( detailed & elaborated) ACTUAL EXAM 2025
TEST!!
Emphysema : obstructive !@#$%%%%%
Definition, clinical evidence, chest xray, cbc, abg, pft & key interventions %%%%%%
**exam challenge: you may be tempted to utilize high fio2 because of the severity of hypoxemia.
You may also be tested with an emergency, the only time it is appropriate to use 100% o2 on a
copd patient - (ANSWERS)d: abnormal condition of the alveoli resulting destruction and loss of
elasticity
C.e.: barrel chest, access. Musc. Use, clubbing, smoking hx, occupational hazard (smoke,
asbestos, other pulm. Irritant)
Xr: ^ ap diameter, flattened diaphragm, hyperlucency, diminished pulmonary markings.
Cbc: polycythemia, ^ wbc - possible infection
Abg: comp. Resp. Acidosis (h paco2, n ph) & hypoxemia
Pft: flows are decreased (fef 25-75% & fev1), wheeze, dim.
K.i.: o2 (l fio2 0.24-0.28), liq. O2 or trans-trach cannula, home care education, aids to quit
smoking, bronchodilators & corticosteroids
Chronic bronchitis : obstructive
Definition, clinical evidence, chest xray, cbc, abg,pft & key interventions
**exam challenge: the most distinguishing characteristic is that the cough is productive and
has been so for a good portion of the year. - (ANSWERS)d: condition where the patient has a
productive cough 25% of the year, for at least 2 consecutive years.
C.e.: productive cough, purulent sputum, exposure to pulm. Irritants, frequent infections.
Xr: may be normal, may show hyperlucency, diminished pulmonary markings
Cbc: possible increased wbc due to possible infection
Abg: may be normal, may show slight resp. Acidosis & hypox.
Pft: flows are decreased (fef 25-75% & fev1
K.i.: anything that promotes good pulm. Hygiene, fluid therapy if dyhyd, o2 if hypox,
bronchodialator, tetracycline
Bronchiectasis : obstructive
Definition, clinical evidence, chest xray, sputum culture, bronchogram & key interventions -
(ANSWERS)d: abnormal condition where the bronchi secrete large volumes of pus during
abnormal dilation
C.e.: productive cough, often bloody, clubbing, recurrent infections, dyspnea
Xr: generally normal
S.c.: gram negative bacteria
Bronchogram: primary test. "tree in winter pattern"
K.i.: chest physio, hydration therapy (thick sputum), fluid therapy (dehydrated), o2 therapy,
bronchodilator, surgical intervention
, RRT- Lindsey Jones (2025) comprehensive questions and
verified answers ( detailed & elaborated) ACTUAL EXAM 2025
TEST!!
Obstructive & central sleep apnea !@#$%%%%%
Definition, clinical evidence, abg,polysomnography & key interventions %%%%%%
**exam challenge: it is important to remember to avoid sending the patient home without some
sort of ventilatory support. - (ANSWERS)d: the cessation of breathing during sleep. Most
commonly obstructive in nature, can be central, or both. (mixed)
C.e.: spouse complains of snoring and witnessed apnea for 10 second or longer. Excessive
upper airway tissue, obesity or thick neck. Ability to fall asleep quickly. Dyspnea, frequent
urination during sleeping hours
Abg: could be normal, or show slight resp. Acid. Or hypoxemia
P.: determines osa or csa. If no nasal flow and no chest movement = csa, if no nasal flow with
chest mvmt. = osa
K.i.: csa= ventilatory stim. Meds (doxapram) osa= use of cpap or bipap, initially indicated follow
up weight loss or upper airway tissue removal. Must be corrected immediately.. If sending
home, send equipment. In the absence of titration studies initial order pressure is 10-20 cmh2o
Asthma : obstructive
Definition, clinical evidence, chest xray, cbc, abg,pft & key interventions
**exam challenge: when doing pfts, always do a pre & post bronchodilator study. Consider
effective if 12% or more improvement is noted. Always start oxygen first when presenting in the
er-- part of the national asthma guidelines - (ANSWERS)d: abnormal construction of the
bronchial's resulting in sputum production and narrowed airways.
C.e.: accessory muscle use, tachycardia, dyspnea, wheezing, congested cough, wet-clammy
skin
Xr: hyperinflation, scattered infiltrates, flat diaphragm
Cbc- allergic cases, maybe elevate eosinophils -> yellow sput.
Abg: possible resp. Acid, could be hypoxic
Pft: decreased flows in fev1 but diffusion is normal (dlco)
K.i.: o2 therapy, bronchodilator, xanthenes via iv, pulm. Hyg, if repeated bronchodilator use
doesnt work think status asthmaticus, patient asthma action plan!!
Status asthmaticus:
Definition, clinical evidence, chest xray, abg,pft & key interventions
**exam challenge: questions on this will challenge your ability to recognize impending vent.
Failure. It is very important that you treat it before full vent failure. There is a frequent need to
repeat actions, such as bronchodilator treatments, which may make you uncomfortable. Do
not be afraid to administer several bronchdilators in succesion. The same is true of the
subcutaneous epinephrine. If you give one dose, you will likely have to give another, and
verified answers ( detailed & elaborated) ACTUAL EXAM 2025
TEST!!
Emphysema : obstructive !@#$%%%%%
Definition, clinical evidence, chest xray, cbc, abg, pft & key interventions %%%%%%
**exam challenge: you may be tempted to utilize high fio2 because of the severity of hypoxemia.
You may also be tested with an emergency, the only time it is appropriate to use 100% o2 on a
copd patient - (ANSWERS)d: abnormal condition of the alveoli resulting destruction and loss of
elasticity
C.e.: barrel chest, access. Musc. Use, clubbing, smoking hx, occupational hazard (smoke,
asbestos, other pulm. Irritant)
Xr: ^ ap diameter, flattened diaphragm, hyperlucency, diminished pulmonary markings.
Cbc: polycythemia, ^ wbc - possible infection
Abg: comp. Resp. Acidosis (h paco2, n ph) & hypoxemia
Pft: flows are decreased (fef 25-75% & fev1), wheeze, dim.
K.i.: o2 (l fio2 0.24-0.28), liq. O2 or trans-trach cannula, home care education, aids to quit
smoking, bronchodilators & corticosteroids
Chronic bronchitis : obstructive
Definition, clinical evidence, chest xray, cbc, abg,pft & key interventions
**exam challenge: the most distinguishing characteristic is that the cough is productive and
has been so for a good portion of the year. - (ANSWERS)d: condition where the patient has a
productive cough 25% of the year, for at least 2 consecutive years.
C.e.: productive cough, purulent sputum, exposure to pulm. Irritants, frequent infections.
Xr: may be normal, may show hyperlucency, diminished pulmonary markings
Cbc: possible increased wbc due to possible infection
Abg: may be normal, may show slight resp. Acidosis & hypox.
Pft: flows are decreased (fef 25-75% & fev1
K.i.: anything that promotes good pulm. Hygiene, fluid therapy if dyhyd, o2 if hypox,
bronchodialator, tetracycline
Bronchiectasis : obstructive
Definition, clinical evidence, chest xray, sputum culture, bronchogram & key interventions -
(ANSWERS)d: abnormal condition where the bronchi secrete large volumes of pus during
abnormal dilation
C.e.: productive cough, often bloody, clubbing, recurrent infections, dyspnea
Xr: generally normal
S.c.: gram negative bacteria
Bronchogram: primary test. "tree in winter pattern"
K.i.: chest physio, hydration therapy (thick sputum), fluid therapy (dehydrated), o2 therapy,
bronchodilator, surgical intervention
, RRT- Lindsey Jones (2025) comprehensive questions and
verified answers ( detailed & elaborated) ACTUAL EXAM 2025
TEST!!
Obstructive & central sleep apnea !@#$%%%%%
Definition, clinical evidence, abg,polysomnography & key interventions %%%%%%
**exam challenge: it is important to remember to avoid sending the patient home without some
sort of ventilatory support. - (ANSWERS)d: the cessation of breathing during sleep. Most
commonly obstructive in nature, can be central, or both. (mixed)
C.e.: spouse complains of snoring and witnessed apnea for 10 second or longer. Excessive
upper airway tissue, obesity or thick neck. Ability to fall asleep quickly. Dyspnea, frequent
urination during sleeping hours
Abg: could be normal, or show slight resp. Acid. Or hypoxemia
P.: determines osa or csa. If no nasal flow and no chest movement = csa, if no nasal flow with
chest mvmt. = osa
K.i.: csa= ventilatory stim. Meds (doxapram) osa= use of cpap or bipap, initially indicated follow
up weight loss or upper airway tissue removal. Must be corrected immediately.. If sending
home, send equipment. In the absence of titration studies initial order pressure is 10-20 cmh2o
Asthma : obstructive
Definition, clinical evidence, chest xray, cbc, abg,pft & key interventions
**exam challenge: when doing pfts, always do a pre & post bronchodilator study. Consider
effective if 12% or more improvement is noted. Always start oxygen first when presenting in the
er-- part of the national asthma guidelines - (ANSWERS)d: abnormal construction of the
bronchial's resulting in sputum production and narrowed airways.
C.e.: accessory muscle use, tachycardia, dyspnea, wheezing, congested cough, wet-clammy
skin
Xr: hyperinflation, scattered infiltrates, flat diaphragm
Cbc- allergic cases, maybe elevate eosinophils -> yellow sput.
Abg: possible resp. Acid, could be hypoxic
Pft: decreased flows in fev1 but diffusion is normal (dlco)
K.i.: o2 therapy, bronchodilator, xanthenes via iv, pulm. Hyg, if repeated bronchodilator use
doesnt work think status asthmaticus, patient asthma action plan!!
Status asthmaticus:
Definition, clinical evidence, chest xray, abg,pft & key interventions
**exam challenge: questions on this will challenge your ability to recognize impending vent.
Failure. It is very important that you treat it before full vent failure. There is a frequent need to
repeat actions, such as bronchodilator treatments, which may make you uncomfortable. Do
not be afraid to administer several bronchdilators in succesion. The same is true of the
subcutaneous epinephrine. If you give one dose, you will likely have to give another, and
