TEST BANK
Massage Therapy: Principles and Practice
Susan G. Salvo
7th Edition
, Table of Contents
Chapter 01: History of Massage-Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era and Professional
Societies, Organizations, and Associations 1
Chapter 02: The Therapeutic Relationship-Ethics, Cultural Competencies, and Boundaries 10
Chapter 03: Tools of the Trade-Tables, Accessories, Linens, Lubricants, Aromatherapy,
Essential Oils, and the Massage Environment 23
Chapter 04: Career Longevity-Wellness, Wellbeing, and Self-Care 30
Chapter 05: Evidence-Informed Practice and Research Literacy 42
Chapter 06: Massage Therapy Research 52
Chapter 07: Body Mechanics, Client Positioning, and Draping 58
Chapter 08: Massage Techniques, Mobilizations and Stretches, Endangerment Sites, and
Contraindications 69
Chapter 09: Concepts of Disease, Standard Precautions, Transmission-Based Precautions,
Disinfection Procedures, and Emergency Preparedness 82
Chapter 10: Professional Standards-Scope of Practice, Standards of Care, Assessments,
Documentation, Informed Consent, Treatment Planning, and Referrals 93
Chapter 11: Special Populations-Massage for Pregnant and Postpartum Clients, Infants, Children,
Adolescents, Aging Adults, and Those with Visual, Hearing, and Mobility
Impairment 105
Chapter 12: Hydrotherapy-Clinical Applications, Spa Applications, and Spa Procedures 116
Chapter 13: Foot Reflexology-Principles and Practice 127
Chapter 14: Clinical Massage-Pain Theories & Pain Management, Clinical Assessments, Clinical
Application Methods, Sports Massage & Working with Athletics, Soft Tissue
Injuries 132
Chapter 15: Seated Massage-Principles and Practice 146
Chapter 16: Asian Bodywork Therapy-Shiatsu, Thai Massage, Ayurvedic Principles, and
Chakras 150
Chapter 17: Business Practices-Getting Started, Marketing, Professional Development,
Accounting, and Planning 162
Chapter 18: Introduction to the Human Body-Medical Terminology, Cells, Tissues, and
Body Compass 174
Chapter 19: Skeletal System, Pathologies, Disorders, and Injuries 188
Chapter 20: Muscular System, Pathologies, Disorders, and Injuries 199
Chapter 21: Kinesiology-Part A 210
Chapter 21: Kinesiology-Part B 258
Chapter 22: Integumentary System, Pathologies, Conditions, and Injuries 259
Chapter 23: Nervous System, Pathologies, Disorders, and Injuries 268
Chapter 24: Endocrine System and Pathologies 286
Chapter 25: Reproductive System, Pathologies, Conditions, and Disorders 297
Chapter 26: Cardiovascular System, Pathologies, and Disorders 309
Chapter 27: Lymphatic System, Pathologies, and Conditions 321
Chapter 28: Respiratory System, Pathologies, Conditions, and Disorders 329
,Chapter 29: Digestive System, Pathologies, Dysfunctions, and Disorders 338
Chapter 30: Urinary System, Pathologies, and Disorders 347
, TEST BANK MASSAGE THERAPY 7/E SUSAN SALVO
Chapter 01: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era and
Professional Societies, Organizations, and Associations.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which Method Is Defined As Manipulation Of Soft Tissue Using Pressure And
Traction Forclinical, Therapeutic, And Palliative Purposes?
a. Acupuncture
b. Ayurveda
c. Polarity Therapy
d. Massage Therapy
ANSWER: D
Massage Therapy The Manipulation Of Soft Tissue Using Compression And
Decompression/Traction For Clinical, Therapeutic, And Palliative Purposes Or For
Wellness Andself-Care Purposes.
2. Which Origin For The Word Massage Is Greek?
a. Mashesh
b. Masso
c. Masser
d. Makeh
ANSWER: B
The Origin Of The Word Massage Is Unclear, But Can Be Traced To Numerous
Sources: The Hebrewmashesh, The Greek Masso And Massin, The Latin Massa, The
Arabic Mass’h, The Sanskrit Makeh, And The French Masser.
3. When Was The Earliest The Term Massage Was Used By Most European-Based Cultures?
a. 1600s
b. 1700s
c. 1800s
d. 1900s
ANSWER: C
By The Early 1800s, The Term Massage Was Used By Most European-Based
Cultures.Historically, Massage Was Referred To By Its Techniques Such As
Friction Or Rubbing.
4. The First Written Records Of Massage Date Back To 3000 BCE In Which Country?
a. India
b. China
c. Egypt
d. Greece
ANSWER: B
Written Records Regarding The Practice Of Massage Go Back To 3000 BCE In
China.Acupuncture Was Not Mentioned In Chinese Writings Until 90 BCE.
5. Which Work Is Commonly Referred To As The Classic Scripture Of Traditional Chinese
Medicine?
, a. Tao Te Ching
b. Nei Ching
c. Ayur-Veda
d. Corpus Hippocraticum
ANSWER: B
At The Time Of Hwang Ti, Various Ideas And Beliefs Were Compiled Under The Name
Of The Yellow Emperor (Died In 2599 BCE) Which Became The Classic Scripture Of
Traditional Chinesemedicine Known As The Nei Chang. The Nei Chang Was Written
About 2760 BCE, And This Work Contains Detailed Descriptions Of Massage Procedures
As Well As Herbal Medicines.
6. What Is The Original Massage Technique In China And The Precursor To Manual
And Energetictherapies?
a.Polarity
b.Shiatsu
c.Acupuncture
d.Amma
ANSWER: D
Amma Is Regarded As The Original Massage Technique And Precursor To All Other
Chinesetherapies, Manual And Energetic.
7. Which Healing Method Is Based On Hindu Tradition?
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Amma
d. Polarity
ANSWER: A
Knowledge Of Amma Massage Traveled To The Subcontinent Of India From China,
And Massagebecame Part Of Hindu Tradition. Massage Is Described In India’s First
Great Medical Texts, The Ayurveda Books Of Wisdom (About 1800 BCE) And
Recommend Massage As An Indispensablevhealing Procedure.
8. Which Method Is Japanese But Based On Chinese Medicine Concepts, And Uses
Pressure Appliedfrom The Practitioner’s Thumbs, Elbows, And Other Parts Of The
Body?
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Massage
d. Amma
ANSWER: B
Shiatsu Is A Japanese Method Based On The Same Traditional Chinese Medicine
Concepts Asacupuncture —Energy Flows In The Body Through Streams Called
Channels Or Meridians.
Acupuncturists Use Needles At Specific Points To Balance The Flow Of Energy;
Shiatsu Practitioners Use Their Fingers, Thumbs, Forearms, Elbows, And Even
Their Knees And Feet.
9. Who Is Generally Recognized As The Father Of Modern Western Medicine?
a. Galen
b. Celsus
c. Rhazes
, d. Hippocrates
ANSWER: D
Hippocrates Was Known To Be A Fine Physician, Founder Of A Medical School,
Author Of Numerous Books, And Advocated The Use Of Massage Or ―Rubbing.‖
These Works Are Collectively Known As The Corpus Hippocraticum, And
Summarized Much Of What Was Knownabout Disease And Medicine In The Ancient
World. Hippocrates Is Generally Recognized As The Father Of Modern Western
Medicine, And He Believed That Physicians Should Avoid Causing Harm To Patients.
10. Who Wrote The Canon Of Medicine, The Most Famous Book In The History Of
Medicine In Boththe East And The West?
a.Rhazes
b.Celsus
c.Avicenna
d.Hippocrates
ANSWER: C
A Text Entitled Or Canon Of Medicine Was Written By One Of The
Greatestpersian Physicians Of His Era, Avicenna (980-1037). He Was Also Known As Ibn
Sina. The Canon Of Medicine Is The Most Famous Book In The History Of Medicine In
Both The East And The West.
11. Which Individual Discussed The Effects Of Massage And Used Friction On Joints In The
1500s?
a. Paré
b. Harvey
c. Galen
d. Mezger
ANSWER: A
Ambroise Paré (1515-1590) Was A Famous French Surgeon Who Was Among The
Earliest Individuals In This Era To Discuss The Effects Of Massage. He Used Friction
To Treat Dislocatedjoints And Other Orthopedic Conditions.
12. Who Was The First Known Scientist To Demonstrate That Blood Circulation
Due To Muscularcontraction Of The Heart?
a.Paré
b.Galen
c.Harvey
d.Mezger
ANSWER: C
English Scientist William Harvey (1578–1657) Discovered The Circulation Of Blood
In 1628,And His Writings Did Much To Promote The Acceptance Of Massage As A
Treatment Measure.
Harvey Observed The Hearts Of Living Animals And Determined That Active Phase
Of The Heartmuscular Contraction (Systole) Pumped Blood Through Arteries And
Veins.
13. Who Developed The Swedish Movement Cure, Which Included The Use Of Massage?
a. Johann Mezger
b. Pehr H. Ling
c. George Henry Taylor
, d. John Harvey Kellogg
ANSWER: B
Pehr Henrik Ling (1776 To 1839) Developed His Own System Of Massage And Exercises Or
Gymnastics, The Latter Of Which Consisted Of Four Types—Educational, Military, Medical,
Andesthetic. This System Was Called The Swedish Remedial Massage And Exercise, The
Swedishmovement Cure, Or Simply The Ling System.
14. Which Term Describes A Component Of The Ling System?
a. Shiatsu
b. Ayurveda
c. Thai Massage
d. Swedish Massage
ANSWER: D
The Term Swedish Massage Was Used To Describe The Massage Component Of Ling’s
System.For This Reason, Ling Is Regarded As The Father Of Swedish Massage.
15. Which Individual Is Credited With Having Introduced French Terms Still In Use
To Describemassage Techniques?
a. Johann Mezger
b. William Harvey
c. Pehr H. Ling
d. Charles Taylor
ANSWER: A
French Was The International Language In The Nineteenth Century. The Dutch Physician
Johannmezger (1838 To 909) Is Credited With Having Introduced The French
Terminology Still Used Todescribe Massage Techniques (E.G., Effleurage, Pétrissage,
Tapotement) Which Is Still Used In Massage Legislation, Medical Insurance Billing
Codes, And Massage Curricula.
16. Who Is The Founder Of Modern Nursing, Which Included Massage As Part Of Care?
a. Tiffany Field
b. Florence Nightingale
c. Charles Fayette Taylor
d. John Harvey Kellogg
ANSWER: B
Florence Nightingale (1829 To 1910) Of England, Founder Of Modern Nursing, Took
Care Of Wounded Soldiers During The Crimean War (1853 To 1856). She Developed A
Standard Of Care For Patients, And Massage Was An Integral Part Of Care. When Nurse
Training Was Developed, Massage Was Included In The Curriculum And Massage Was
Provided To Patients As Part Of Theircomfort Measures.
17. French Physician Lucas-Championniere Used Massage And Exercise To Treat
Soldiers Injuredduring Which Event?
a. World War I
b. World War II
c. Civil War
d. Viet Nam War
ANSWER: A
, World War I Provided Countless Opportunities For The Use Of Massage And Exercise
To Rehabilitate Injured Soldiers. French Physician Just Lucas-Championniere (1843 To
1913)Advocated For The Use Of Massage And Passive Movements To Treat Soft
Tissue Injuries Andfractures.
18. In What Year Did George Henry Taylor And Charles Fayette Taylor Introduce
The Swedishmovement System In The United States?
a. 1796
b. 1856
c. 1911
d. 1958
ANSWER: B
Drs. George Henry Taylor (1829 To 1899) And Charles Fayette Taylor (1827 To 1899)
Sailed Tosweden To Study The Ling System And Returned To The United States To Open
The Remedial Hygienic Institute Of New York City In 1856. The Institute Was An
Orthopedic Clinic Specializing In Ling’s System Of Massage And Exercise. ―Water Cures‖
And Nutrition Were Incorporated Into Their Treatment Regimen.
19. Who Wrote The First American Textbook On The Swedish Movement System In 1860?
a. Hartvig Nissen
b. Andrew Weil
c. George Taylor
d. Douglas Graham
ANSWER: C
George Taylor Wrote The First American Textbook On The Swedish Movement System
Titled
Anexposition Of The Swedish Movement Cure (1860).
20. Who Opened The Swedish Health Institute Of Washington, DC, Considered The
First Massageschool In The United States?
a. John Harvey Kellogg
b. Douglas Graham
c. Just Lucas-Championniere
d. Hartvig Nissen
ANSWER: D
In 1883, Hartvig Nissen (1857 To 1924) Opened The Swedish Health Institute Of
Washington,DC. This Is Considered The First Massage School In The United States.
21. Who Helped Popularize Massage Therapy In The United States During The Modern Era
By Writingvnumerous Books And Publishing Articles In His Magazine, Good Health?
a. John Harvey Kellogg
b. Douglas Graham
c. Just Lucas-Championniere
d. Hartvig Nissen
ANSWER: A
John Harvey Kellogg (1852 To1943) Of Battle Creek, Michigan, Promoted Massage To
The General Public. He Wrote Numerous Articles And Books On Massage And Published
A Magazinecalled Good Health.
,22. Which Massage Organization Took The First Step Toward Professionalism By The
Establishing Amassage Curriculum And Accreditation Of Massage Schools?
a. American Association Of Masseurs And Masseuses
b. Chartered Society Of Physiotherapy
c. Esalen Massage And Bodywork Association
d. Society Of Trained Masseuses
ANSWER: D
In 1894 The Commissioners Of The British Medical Journal Published A Report Titled
―The Scandals Of Massage‖ To Expose These Practices. This Prompted Nine British
Nurses And Midwives To Form A Council Of Trained Masseuses. The Following Year
(1895), The Council Established The Society Of Trained Masseuses. The Founders Of The
Society Acted To Legitimizemassage, Which Had Become Tarnished By Its Association
With Prostitution. The Society Established A Massage Practice Model, Which Regulated
Massage Through A Published Massagecurriculum And Accreditation Of Massage
Schools, Which Included Regular Inspections And Usevof Only Qualified Massage
Instructors. Members Of The Society Were Required To Pass Examinations And Were
Subject To Routine Surveillance.
23. What Was The Original Name Of The American Massage Therapy Association?
a. Society Of Trained Masseuses
b. Esalen Massage And Bodywork Association
c. American Association Of Masseurs And Masseuses
d. Chartered Society Of Massage And Medical Gymnastics
ANSWER: C
In 1943, Postgraduates From The College Of Swedish Massage In Chicago Created
The American Association Of Masseurs And Masseuses, Renamed The American
Massage And Therapy Association In 1958, Then Finally The American Massage
Therapy Association Inv1983.
24. When Did The American Association Of Masseurs And Masseuses Become
The Americanmassage And Therapy Association Founded?
a. 1943
b. 1958
c. 1965
d. 1987
ANSWER: B
In 1943, Postgraduates From The College Of Swedish Massage In Chicago Created
The American Association Of Masseurs And Masseuses, Renamed The American
Massage And Therapy Association In 1958, Then Finally The American Massage
Therapy Association Inv1983.
25. When Was The Associated Bodywork And Massage Professionals Founded?
a. 1926
b. 1943
c. 1965
d. 1987
ANSWER: D
, Associated Bodywork And Massage Professionals Was Founded In 1987.
26. Which Center Was A Think Tank For Human Potential Movement And The First
Exposure Tomassage For Many People?
a.Remedial Hygienic Institute
b.Esalen Institute
c.Swedish Institute
d.Touch Research Institute
ANSWER: B
In 1962, Michael Murphy And Richard Pierce Founded The Esalen Institute, A Retreat Center
And Think Tank For Human Potential Movement. For Many People, Esalen Was Their First
Exposure Tomassage And Where Many Came To Learn Massage.
27. What Organization Was Established To Advance Massage By Supporting Research?
a. Associated Bodywork And Massage Professionals
b. National Certification Board For Therapeutic Massage And Bodywork
c. Federation Of State Massage Therapy Boards
d. Massage Therapy Foundation
ANSWER: D
In 1990, The American Massage Therapy Foundation Was Established By The AMTA To
Advance The Massage Profession Through Supporting Scientific Research And Evidence-
Informedpractice. In 2004, The Foundation Became An Independent Organization And
Changed Its Name Tothe Massage Therapy Foundation (MTF).
28. What Organization Offered A National Certification Exam In 1992 That Was Later
Adopted Bymost States As A Licensure Requirement?
a.Federation Of State Massage Therapy Boards
b.National Certification Board Of Therapeutic Massage And Bodywork
c.Associated Bodywork And Massage Professionals
d.American Massage Therapy Association
ANSWER: B
In 1992, The National Certification Board For Therapeutic Massage And Bodywork
(NCBTMB) Was Founded After Significant Encouragement From The AMTA And Other
Industryleaders. The Objective Was To Create A National Certification To Facilitate
Massage Licensing Reciprocity Throughout The United States. A National Certification
Examination Was Launched, And Many States Adopted It As Part Of Their Licensing
Requirements.
29. What Type Of Credential Did The National Certification Board Of Therapeutic
Massage Andbodywork Begin Offering In 2013?
a. Master’s Certification
b. Research Licensure
c. Board Certification
d. National Licensure
ANSWER: C
In 2013, NCBTMB Began Providing Board Certification, Which Is Currently The
Highest Voluntary Credential In The Massage Profession. Offering The Exam As Part
Of State Licensurewas Retired In 2014.
Massage Therapy: Principles and Practice
Susan G. Salvo
7th Edition
, Table of Contents
Chapter 01: History of Massage-Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era and Professional
Societies, Organizations, and Associations 1
Chapter 02: The Therapeutic Relationship-Ethics, Cultural Competencies, and Boundaries 10
Chapter 03: Tools of the Trade-Tables, Accessories, Linens, Lubricants, Aromatherapy,
Essential Oils, and the Massage Environment 23
Chapter 04: Career Longevity-Wellness, Wellbeing, and Self-Care 30
Chapter 05: Evidence-Informed Practice and Research Literacy 42
Chapter 06: Massage Therapy Research 52
Chapter 07: Body Mechanics, Client Positioning, and Draping 58
Chapter 08: Massage Techniques, Mobilizations and Stretches, Endangerment Sites, and
Contraindications 69
Chapter 09: Concepts of Disease, Standard Precautions, Transmission-Based Precautions,
Disinfection Procedures, and Emergency Preparedness 82
Chapter 10: Professional Standards-Scope of Practice, Standards of Care, Assessments,
Documentation, Informed Consent, Treatment Planning, and Referrals 93
Chapter 11: Special Populations-Massage for Pregnant and Postpartum Clients, Infants, Children,
Adolescents, Aging Adults, and Those with Visual, Hearing, and Mobility
Impairment 105
Chapter 12: Hydrotherapy-Clinical Applications, Spa Applications, and Spa Procedures 116
Chapter 13: Foot Reflexology-Principles and Practice 127
Chapter 14: Clinical Massage-Pain Theories & Pain Management, Clinical Assessments, Clinical
Application Methods, Sports Massage & Working with Athletics, Soft Tissue
Injuries 132
Chapter 15: Seated Massage-Principles and Practice 146
Chapter 16: Asian Bodywork Therapy-Shiatsu, Thai Massage, Ayurvedic Principles, and
Chakras 150
Chapter 17: Business Practices-Getting Started, Marketing, Professional Development,
Accounting, and Planning 162
Chapter 18: Introduction to the Human Body-Medical Terminology, Cells, Tissues, and
Body Compass 174
Chapter 19: Skeletal System, Pathologies, Disorders, and Injuries 188
Chapter 20: Muscular System, Pathologies, Disorders, and Injuries 199
Chapter 21: Kinesiology-Part A 210
Chapter 21: Kinesiology-Part B 258
Chapter 22: Integumentary System, Pathologies, Conditions, and Injuries 259
Chapter 23: Nervous System, Pathologies, Disorders, and Injuries 268
Chapter 24: Endocrine System and Pathologies 286
Chapter 25: Reproductive System, Pathologies, Conditions, and Disorders 297
Chapter 26: Cardiovascular System, Pathologies, and Disorders 309
Chapter 27: Lymphatic System, Pathologies, and Conditions 321
Chapter 28: Respiratory System, Pathologies, Conditions, and Disorders 329
,Chapter 29: Digestive System, Pathologies, Dysfunctions, and Disorders 338
Chapter 30: Urinary System, Pathologies, and Disorders 347
, TEST BANK MASSAGE THERAPY 7/E SUSAN SALVO
Chapter 01: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era and
Professional Societies, Organizations, and Associations.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which Method Is Defined As Manipulation Of Soft Tissue Using Pressure And
Traction Forclinical, Therapeutic, And Palliative Purposes?
a. Acupuncture
b. Ayurveda
c. Polarity Therapy
d. Massage Therapy
ANSWER: D
Massage Therapy The Manipulation Of Soft Tissue Using Compression And
Decompression/Traction For Clinical, Therapeutic, And Palliative Purposes Or For
Wellness Andself-Care Purposes.
2. Which Origin For The Word Massage Is Greek?
a. Mashesh
b. Masso
c. Masser
d. Makeh
ANSWER: B
The Origin Of The Word Massage Is Unclear, But Can Be Traced To Numerous
Sources: The Hebrewmashesh, The Greek Masso And Massin, The Latin Massa, The
Arabic Mass’h, The Sanskrit Makeh, And The French Masser.
3. When Was The Earliest The Term Massage Was Used By Most European-Based Cultures?
a. 1600s
b. 1700s
c. 1800s
d. 1900s
ANSWER: C
By The Early 1800s, The Term Massage Was Used By Most European-Based
Cultures.Historically, Massage Was Referred To By Its Techniques Such As
Friction Or Rubbing.
4. The First Written Records Of Massage Date Back To 3000 BCE In Which Country?
a. India
b. China
c. Egypt
d. Greece
ANSWER: B
Written Records Regarding The Practice Of Massage Go Back To 3000 BCE In
China.Acupuncture Was Not Mentioned In Chinese Writings Until 90 BCE.
5. Which Work Is Commonly Referred To As The Classic Scripture Of Traditional Chinese
Medicine?
, a. Tao Te Ching
b. Nei Ching
c. Ayur-Veda
d. Corpus Hippocraticum
ANSWER: B
At The Time Of Hwang Ti, Various Ideas And Beliefs Were Compiled Under The Name
Of The Yellow Emperor (Died In 2599 BCE) Which Became The Classic Scripture Of
Traditional Chinesemedicine Known As The Nei Chang. The Nei Chang Was Written
About 2760 BCE, And This Work Contains Detailed Descriptions Of Massage Procedures
As Well As Herbal Medicines.
6. What Is The Original Massage Technique In China And The Precursor To Manual
And Energetictherapies?
a.Polarity
b.Shiatsu
c.Acupuncture
d.Amma
ANSWER: D
Amma Is Regarded As The Original Massage Technique And Precursor To All Other
Chinesetherapies, Manual And Energetic.
7. Which Healing Method Is Based On Hindu Tradition?
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Amma
d. Polarity
ANSWER: A
Knowledge Of Amma Massage Traveled To The Subcontinent Of India From China,
And Massagebecame Part Of Hindu Tradition. Massage Is Described In India’s First
Great Medical Texts, The Ayurveda Books Of Wisdom (About 1800 BCE) And
Recommend Massage As An Indispensablevhealing Procedure.
8. Which Method Is Japanese But Based On Chinese Medicine Concepts, And Uses
Pressure Appliedfrom The Practitioner’s Thumbs, Elbows, And Other Parts Of The
Body?
a. Ayurveda
b. Shiatsu
c. Massage
d. Amma
ANSWER: B
Shiatsu Is A Japanese Method Based On The Same Traditional Chinese Medicine
Concepts Asacupuncture —Energy Flows In The Body Through Streams Called
Channels Or Meridians.
Acupuncturists Use Needles At Specific Points To Balance The Flow Of Energy;
Shiatsu Practitioners Use Their Fingers, Thumbs, Forearms, Elbows, And Even
Their Knees And Feet.
9. Who Is Generally Recognized As The Father Of Modern Western Medicine?
a. Galen
b. Celsus
c. Rhazes
, d. Hippocrates
ANSWER: D
Hippocrates Was Known To Be A Fine Physician, Founder Of A Medical School,
Author Of Numerous Books, And Advocated The Use Of Massage Or ―Rubbing.‖
These Works Are Collectively Known As The Corpus Hippocraticum, And
Summarized Much Of What Was Knownabout Disease And Medicine In The Ancient
World. Hippocrates Is Generally Recognized As The Father Of Modern Western
Medicine, And He Believed That Physicians Should Avoid Causing Harm To Patients.
10. Who Wrote The Canon Of Medicine, The Most Famous Book In The History Of
Medicine In Boththe East And The West?
a.Rhazes
b.Celsus
c.Avicenna
d.Hippocrates
ANSWER: C
A Text Entitled Or Canon Of Medicine Was Written By One Of The
Greatestpersian Physicians Of His Era, Avicenna (980-1037). He Was Also Known As Ibn
Sina. The Canon Of Medicine Is The Most Famous Book In The History Of Medicine In
Both The East And The West.
11. Which Individual Discussed The Effects Of Massage And Used Friction On Joints In The
1500s?
a. Paré
b. Harvey
c. Galen
d. Mezger
ANSWER: A
Ambroise Paré (1515-1590) Was A Famous French Surgeon Who Was Among The
Earliest Individuals In This Era To Discuss The Effects Of Massage. He Used Friction
To Treat Dislocatedjoints And Other Orthopedic Conditions.
12. Who Was The First Known Scientist To Demonstrate That Blood Circulation
Due To Muscularcontraction Of The Heart?
a.Paré
b.Galen
c.Harvey
d.Mezger
ANSWER: C
English Scientist William Harvey (1578–1657) Discovered The Circulation Of Blood
In 1628,And His Writings Did Much To Promote The Acceptance Of Massage As A
Treatment Measure.
Harvey Observed The Hearts Of Living Animals And Determined That Active Phase
Of The Heartmuscular Contraction (Systole) Pumped Blood Through Arteries And
Veins.
13. Who Developed The Swedish Movement Cure, Which Included The Use Of Massage?
a. Johann Mezger
b. Pehr H. Ling
c. George Henry Taylor
, d. John Harvey Kellogg
ANSWER: B
Pehr Henrik Ling (1776 To 1839) Developed His Own System Of Massage And Exercises Or
Gymnastics, The Latter Of Which Consisted Of Four Types—Educational, Military, Medical,
Andesthetic. This System Was Called The Swedish Remedial Massage And Exercise, The
Swedishmovement Cure, Or Simply The Ling System.
14. Which Term Describes A Component Of The Ling System?
a. Shiatsu
b. Ayurveda
c. Thai Massage
d. Swedish Massage
ANSWER: D
The Term Swedish Massage Was Used To Describe The Massage Component Of Ling’s
System.For This Reason, Ling Is Regarded As The Father Of Swedish Massage.
15. Which Individual Is Credited With Having Introduced French Terms Still In Use
To Describemassage Techniques?
a. Johann Mezger
b. William Harvey
c. Pehr H. Ling
d. Charles Taylor
ANSWER: A
French Was The International Language In The Nineteenth Century. The Dutch Physician
Johannmezger (1838 To 909) Is Credited With Having Introduced The French
Terminology Still Used Todescribe Massage Techniques (E.G., Effleurage, Pétrissage,
Tapotement) Which Is Still Used In Massage Legislation, Medical Insurance Billing
Codes, And Massage Curricula.
16. Who Is The Founder Of Modern Nursing, Which Included Massage As Part Of Care?
a. Tiffany Field
b. Florence Nightingale
c. Charles Fayette Taylor
d. John Harvey Kellogg
ANSWER: B
Florence Nightingale (1829 To 1910) Of England, Founder Of Modern Nursing, Took
Care Of Wounded Soldiers During The Crimean War (1853 To 1856). She Developed A
Standard Of Care For Patients, And Massage Was An Integral Part Of Care. When Nurse
Training Was Developed, Massage Was Included In The Curriculum And Massage Was
Provided To Patients As Part Of Theircomfort Measures.
17. French Physician Lucas-Championniere Used Massage And Exercise To Treat
Soldiers Injuredduring Which Event?
a. World War I
b. World War II
c. Civil War
d. Viet Nam War
ANSWER: A
, World War I Provided Countless Opportunities For The Use Of Massage And Exercise
To Rehabilitate Injured Soldiers. French Physician Just Lucas-Championniere (1843 To
1913)Advocated For The Use Of Massage And Passive Movements To Treat Soft
Tissue Injuries Andfractures.
18. In What Year Did George Henry Taylor And Charles Fayette Taylor Introduce
The Swedishmovement System In The United States?
a. 1796
b. 1856
c. 1911
d. 1958
ANSWER: B
Drs. George Henry Taylor (1829 To 1899) And Charles Fayette Taylor (1827 To 1899)
Sailed Tosweden To Study The Ling System And Returned To The United States To Open
The Remedial Hygienic Institute Of New York City In 1856. The Institute Was An
Orthopedic Clinic Specializing In Ling’s System Of Massage And Exercise. ―Water Cures‖
And Nutrition Were Incorporated Into Their Treatment Regimen.
19. Who Wrote The First American Textbook On The Swedish Movement System In 1860?
a. Hartvig Nissen
b. Andrew Weil
c. George Taylor
d. Douglas Graham
ANSWER: C
George Taylor Wrote The First American Textbook On The Swedish Movement System
Titled
Anexposition Of The Swedish Movement Cure (1860).
20. Who Opened The Swedish Health Institute Of Washington, DC, Considered The
First Massageschool In The United States?
a. John Harvey Kellogg
b. Douglas Graham
c. Just Lucas-Championniere
d. Hartvig Nissen
ANSWER: D
In 1883, Hartvig Nissen (1857 To 1924) Opened The Swedish Health Institute Of
Washington,DC. This Is Considered The First Massage School In The United States.
21. Who Helped Popularize Massage Therapy In The United States During The Modern Era
By Writingvnumerous Books And Publishing Articles In His Magazine, Good Health?
a. John Harvey Kellogg
b. Douglas Graham
c. Just Lucas-Championniere
d. Hartvig Nissen
ANSWER: A
John Harvey Kellogg (1852 To1943) Of Battle Creek, Michigan, Promoted Massage To
The General Public. He Wrote Numerous Articles And Books On Massage And Published
A Magazinecalled Good Health.
,22. Which Massage Organization Took The First Step Toward Professionalism By The
Establishing Amassage Curriculum And Accreditation Of Massage Schools?
a. American Association Of Masseurs And Masseuses
b. Chartered Society Of Physiotherapy
c. Esalen Massage And Bodywork Association
d. Society Of Trained Masseuses
ANSWER: D
In 1894 The Commissioners Of The British Medical Journal Published A Report Titled
―The Scandals Of Massage‖ To Expose These Practices. This Prompted Nine British
Nurses And Midwives To Form A Council Of Trained Masseuses. The Following Year
(1895), The Council Established The Society Of Trained Masseuses. The Founders Of The
Society Acted To Legitimizemassage, Which Had Become Tarnished By Its Association
With Prostitution. The Society Established A Massage Practice Model, Which Regulated
Massage Through A Published Massagecurriculum And Accreditation Of Massage
Schools, Which Included Regular Inspections And Usevof Only Qualified Massage
Instructors. Members Of The Society Were Required To Pass Examinations And Were
Subject To Routine Surveillance.
23. What Was The Original Name Of The American Massage Therapy Association?
a. Society Of Trained Masseuses
b. Esalen Massage And Bodywork Association
c. American Association Of Masseurs And Masseuses
d. Chartered Society Of Massage And Medical Gymnastics
ANSWER: C
In 1943, Postgraduates From The College Of Swedish Massage In Chicago Created
The American Association Of Masseurs And Masseuses, Renamed The American
Massage And Therapy Association In 1958, Then Finally The American Massage
Therapy Association Inv1983.
24. When Did The American Association Of Masseurs And Masseuses Become
The Americanmassage And Therapy Association Founded?
a. 1943
b. 1958
c. 1965
d. 1987
ANSWER: B
In 1943, Postgraduates From The College Of Swedish Massage In Chicago Created
The American Association Of Masseurs And Masseuses, Renamed The American
Massage And Therapy Association In 1958, Then Finally The American Massage
Therapy Association Inv1983.
25. When Was The Associated Bodywork And Massage Professionals Founded?
a. 1926
b. 1943
c. 1965
d. 1987
ANSWER: D
, Associated Bodywork And Massage Professionals Was Founded In 1987.
26. Which Center Was A Think Tank For Human Potential Movement And The First
Exposure Tomassage For Many People?
a.Remedial Hygienic Institute
b.Esalen Institute
c.Swedish Institute
d.Touch Research Institute
ANSWER: B
In 1962, Michael Murphy And Richard Pierce Founded The Esalen Institute, A Retreat Center
And Think Tank For Human Potential Movement. For Many People, Esalen Was Their First
Exposure Tomassage And Where Many Came To Learn Massage.
27. What Organization Was Established To Advance Massage By Supporting Research?
a. Associated Bodywork And Massage Professionals
b. National Certification Board For Therapeutic Massage And Bodywork
c. Federation Of State Massage Therapy Boards
d. Massage Therapy Foundation
ANSWER: D
In 1990, The American Massage Therapy Foundation Was Established By The AMTA To
Advance The Massage Profession Through Supporting Scientific Research And Evidence-
Informedpractice. In 2004, The Foundation Became An Independent Organization And
Changed Its Name Tothe Massage Therapy Foundation (MTF).
28. What Organization Offered A National Certification Exam In 1992 That Was Later
Adopted Bymost States As A Licensure Requirement?
a.Federation Of State Massage Therapy Boards
b.National Certification Board Of Therapeutic Massage And Bodywork
c.Associated Bodywork And Massage Professionals
d.American Massage Therapy Association
ANSWER: B
In 1992, The National Certification Board For Therapeutic Massage And Bodywork
(NCBTMB) Was Founded After Significant Encouragement From The AMTA And Other
Industryleaders. The Objective Was To Create A National Certification To Facilitate
Massage Licensing Reciprocity Throughout The United States. A National Certification
Examination Was Launched, And Many States Adopted It As Part Of Their Licensing
Requirements.
29. What Type Of Credential Did The National Certification Board Of Therapeutic
Massage Andbodywork Begin Offering In 2013?
a. Master’s Certification
b. Research Licensure
c. Board Certification
d. National Licensure
ANSWER: C
In 2013, NCBTMB Began Providing Board Certification, Which Is Currently The
Highest Voluntary Credential In The Massage Profession. Offering The Exam As Part
Of State Licensurewas Retired In 2014.
