NR 565 Final Exam
Acute symptoms of diabetes plus casual plasma glucose concentration greater than or equal to
200 mg/dL.
*Casual means any time of day, regardless of when the last meal was. The classic symptoms of
diabetes are polyuria, polydipsia, and unexplained weight loss.
a. Pre-diabetes
b. Diabetes mellitus
b
Fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL.
*Fasting is when you don't eat for at least eight hours. a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
a
2 hour post-load plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test greater than or equal to 200
mg/dL. A glucose load containing the equivalent of 75 grams of dissolved anhydrous glucose in
water is used in the test. a. Pre-diabetes
b. Mellitus diabetes b
HgbA1c levels above or equal to 6.5% a. Mellitus diabetes b. Pre-diabetes
a
plasma glucose between 100 and 125 mg/dL (IFG) at rest or a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
b
Two hours after taking a standard glucose load of 75 g, plasma glucose ranges from 140 to 199
mg/dL (IGT) or a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
b
HgbA1c between 5.7% and 6.4% a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
b
SGLT2i (sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors)
-ozin
Biguanides
Metformin (Glucophage)
DPP-4i (Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors)
- iptin
Sulfonylureas
- Gly or Gli
GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists)
- glutides
TZD (Thiazolidinediones)
- azone
, Insulin with a rapid start aspart (Novolog), glulisine (apidra) and lispro (humalog)
Rapid acting onset
5-30 minutes
rapid acting peak
0.5 - 3 hours
rapid acting duration
3-4 hours
short acting insulin
Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R)
short acting onset
30-60 min
short acting peak
2-4 h
short acting duration
3-7 h
intermediate acting insulin
Isophane (NPH)
intermediate onset of action 1-2 hours
peak with intermediate action 4-10 hours
intermediate acting duration
10-16 h
insulin that lasts long glargine (Lantus)
detemir (Levemir)
long-lasting beginning 1-2 hours
peak with a long pause none
long acting duration
20-24 h
combination insulin that is fixed NPH in combination with regular, liper, or aspirate fixed
combination onset
5-60 minutes
fixed peak of the combination dual
fixed combination duration
16 h
TSH is low, free T4 is high and T3 is normal
Exogenous T4 intake, a concurrent non-thyroidal illness, or amiodarone-induced thyroid
dysfunction can all be linked to the etiology. Serum TSH is normal or elevated, and free T4 and
T3 are elevated
the possibility of a pituitary tumor that produces TSH, which would require additional magnetic
resonance imaging evaluation. TSH is low, the free T4 is normal and the serum T3 is high
Primary hyperthyroidism. However, other reasons for this thyroid function test abnormality
could be exogenous T3 ingestion, or a functioning adenoma.
Which of the following agents is the first-line treatment for hyperthyroidism or Grave's disease?
a. Metoprolol
b. Methimazole
Acute symptoms of diabetes plus casual plasma glucose concentration greater than or equal to
200 mg/dL.
*Casual means any time of day, regardless of when the last meal was. The classic symptoms of
diabetes are polyuria, polydipsia, and unexplained weight loss.
a. Pre-diabetes
b. Diabetes mellitus
b
Fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL.
*Fasting is when you don't eat for at least eight hours. a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
a
2 hour post-load plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test greater than or equal to 200
mg/dL. A glucose load containing the equivalent of 75 grams of dissolved anhydrous glucose in
water is used in the test. a. Pre-diabetes
b. Mellitus diabetes b
HgbA1c levels above or equal to 6.5% a. Mellitus diabetes b. Pre-diabetes
a
plasma glucose between 100 and 125 mg/dL (IFG) at rest or a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
b
Two hours after taking a standard glucose load of 75 g, plasma glucose ranges from 140 to 199
mg/dL (IGT) or a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
b
HgbA1c between 5.7% and 6.4% a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Pre-diabetes
b
SGLT2i (sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors)
-ozin
Biguanides
Metformin (Glucophage)
DPP-4i (Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors)
- iptin
Sulfonylureas
- Gly or Gli
GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists)
- glutides
TZD (Thiazolidinediones)
- azone
, Insulin with a rapid start aspart (Novolog), glulisine (apidra) and lispro (humalog)
Rapid acting onset
5-30 minutes
rapid acting peak
0.5 - 3 hours
rapid acting duration
3-4 hours
short acting insulin
Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R)
short acting onset
30-60 min
short acting peak
2-4 h
short acting duration
3-7 h
intermediate acting insulin
Isophane (NPH)
intermediate onset of action 1-2 hours
peak with intermediate action 4-10 hours
intermediate acting duration
10-16 h
insulin that lasts long glargine (Lantus)
detemir (Levemir)
long-lasting beginning 1-2 hours
peak with a long pause none
long acting duration
20-24 h
combination insulin that is fixed NPH in combination with regular, liper, or aspirate fixed
combination onset
5-60 minutes
fixed peak of the combination dual
fixed combination duration
16 h
TSH is low, free T4 is high and T3 is normal
Exogenous T4 intake, a concurrent non-thyroidal illness, or amiodarone-induced thyroid
dysfunction can all be linked to the etiology. Serum TSH is normal or elevated, and free T4 and
T3 are elevated
the possibility of a pituitary tumor that produces TSH, which would require additional magnetic
resonance imaging evaluation. TSH is low, the free T4 is normal and the serum T3 is high
Primary hyperthyroidism. However, other reasons for this thyroid function test abnormality
could be exogenous T3 ingestion, or a functioning adenoma.
Which of the following agents is the first-line treatment for hyperthyroidism or Grave's disease?
a. Metoprolol
b. Methimazole
