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Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition, Brian K. Walsh Test Bank . Questions with correct and verified answers. GUARANTEED A+ GRADED.

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Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition, Brian K. Walsh Test Bank . Questions with correct and verified answers. GUARANTEED A+ GRADED. Chapter 1: Fetal Lung Development Walsh: Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care 5th Edition Test Bank (2020) MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following phases of human lung development is characterized by the formation of a capillary network around airway passages? a. Pseudoglandular b. Saccular c. Alveolar d. Canalicular ANS: D The canalicular phase follows the pseudoglandular phase, lasting from approximately 17 weeks to 26 weeks of gestation. This phase is so named because of the appearance of vascular channels, or capillaries, which begin to grow by forming a capillary network around the air passages. During the pseudoglandular stage, which begins at day 52 and extends to week 16 of gestation, the airway system subdivides extensively and the conducting airway system develops, ending with the terminal bronchioles. The saccular stage of development, which takes place from weeks 29 to 36 of gestation, is characterized by the development of sacs that later become alveoli. During the saccular phase, a tremendous increase in the potential gas- exchanging surface area occurs. The distinction between the saccular stage and the alveolar stage is arbitrary. The alveolar stage stretches from 39 weeks of gestation to term. This stage is represented by the establishment of alveoli. REF: pp. 3-5 2. Regarding postnatal lung growth, by approximately what age do most of the alveoli that will be present in the lungs for life develop? a. 6 months b. 1 year c. 1.5 years d. 2 years ANS: C Most of the postnatal formation of alveoli in the infant occurs over the first 1.5 years of life. At 2 years of age, the number of alveoli varies substantially among individuals. After 2 years of age, males have more alveoli than do females. After alveolar multiplication ends, the alveoli continue to increase in size until thoracic growth is completed. REF: p. 6 3. The respiratory therapist is evaluating a newborn with mild respiratory distress due to tracheal stenosis. During which period of lung development did this problem develop? a. Embryonal b. Saccular c. Canalicular d. Alveolar ANS: A The initial structures of the pulmonary tree develop during the embryonal stage. Errors in development during this time may result in laryngeal, tracheal, or esophageal atresia or stenosis. Pulmonary hypoplasia, an incomplete development of the lungs characterized by an abnormally low number and/or size of bronchopulmonary segments and/or alveoli, can develop during the pseudoglandular phase. If the fetus is born during the canalicular phase (i.e., prematurely), severe respiratory distress can be expected because the inadequately developed airways, along with insufficient and immature surfactant production by alveolar type II cells, gives rise to the constellation of problems known as infant respiratory distress syndrome. REF: p. 6

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