ATI TEAS 7 SCIENCE - ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE | 2025 EDITION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Cardiovascular System
2. Respiratory System
3. Digestive System
4. Nervous System
5. Muscular System
6. Skeletal System
7. Urinary System
8. Endocrine System
9. Lymphatic/Immune System
10. Cells and Basic Biology
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Key Structures and Functions
Q: What are the four chambers of the heart and their functions? A:
Right Atrium: Receives deoxygenated blood from body via vena cava
, Right Ventricle: Pumps blood to lungs via pulmonary artery
Left Atrium: Receives oxygenated blood from lungs via pulmonary veins
Left Ventricle: Pumps blood to body via aorta (strongest chamber)
Blood Flow Path: Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Lungs → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Body
Q: Name the four heart valves and their locations. A:
Tricuspid Valve: Between right atrium and right ventricle
Pulmonary Valve: Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Bicuspid/Mitral Valve: Between left atrium and left ventricle
Aortic Valve: Between left ventricle and aorta
Function: All valves prevent backflow of blood
Q: What are the differences between arteries, veins, and capillaries? A:
Arteries:
Carry blood AWAY from heart
Thick, muscular walls
High pressure
Mostly oxygenated blood (except pulmonary artery)
Veins:
Carry blood TO the heart
Thin walls with valves
Low pressure
, Mostly deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary veins)
Capillaries:
Microscopic vessels
Site of gas/nutrient exchange
One cell thick walls
Q: What is blood pressure and what do the numbers mean? A:
Systolic Pressure (top number): Pressure when heart contracts
Diastolic Pressure (bottom number): Pressure when heart relaxes
Normal: Around 120/80 mmHg
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Pathway and Gas Exchange
Q: Trace the pathway of air through the respiratory system. A:
1. Nose/Mouth → Filters, warms, humidifies air
2. Pharynx → Throat, shared with digestive system
3. Larynx → Voice box, contains vocal cords
4. Trachea → Windpipe, supported by cartilage rings
5. Bronchi → Main branches to each lung
6. Bronchioles → Smaller branches within lungs
7. Alveoli → Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE | 2025 EDITION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Cardiovascular System
2. Respiratory System
3. Digestive System
4. Nervous System
5. Muscular System
6. Skeletal System
7. Urinary System
8. Endocrine System
9. Lymphatic/Immune System
10. Cells and Basic Biology
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Key Structures and Functions
Q: What are the four chambers of the heart and their functions? A:
Right Atrium: Receives deoxygenated blood from body via vena cava
, Right Ventricle: Pumps blood to lungs via pulmonary artery
Left Atrium: Receives oxygenated blood from lungs via pulmonary veins
Left Ventricle: Pumps blood to body via aorta (strongest chamber)
Blood Flow Path: Right Atrium → Right Ventricle → Lungs → Left Atrium → Left Ventricle → Body
Q: Name the four heart valves and their locations. A:
Tricuspid Valve: Between right atrium and right ventricle
Pulmonary Valve: Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Bicuspid/Mitral Valve: Between left atrium and left ventricle
Aortic Valve: Between left ventricle and aorta
Function: All valves prevent backflow of blood
Q: What are the differences between arteries, veins, and capillaries? A:
Arteries:
Carry blood AWAY from heart
Thick, muscular walls
High pressure
Mostly oxygenated blood (except pulmonary artery)
Veins:
Carry blood TO the heart
Thin walls with valves
Low pressure
, Mostly deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary veins)
Capillaries:
Microscopic vessels
Site of gas/nutrient exchange
One cell thick walls
Q: What is blood pressure and what do the numbers mean? A:
Systolic Pressure (top number): Pressure when heart contracts
Diastolic Pressure (bottom number): Pressure when heart relaxes
Normal: Around 120/80 mmHg
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Pathway and Gas Exchange
Q: Trace the pathway of air through the respiratory system. A:
1. Nose/Mouth → Filters, warms, humidifies air
2. Pharynx → Throat, shared with digestive system
3. Larynx → Voice box, contains vocal cords
4. Trachea → Windpipe, supported by cartilage rings
5. Bronchi → Main branches to each lung
6. Bronchioles → Smaller branches within lungs
7. Alveoli → Tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs
