Summary Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Beyond: A Review of Neurodegenerative Disorders

Discover the cutting-edge insights into the most challenging brain disorders affecting millions worldwide.Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, are characterized by progressive loss of neurons leading to cognitive, motor, and behavioral impairments. Alzheimer’s disease primarily involves amyloid-beta plaques and tau tangles causing memory loss and cognitive decline, while Parkinson’s disease features dopaminergic neuron loss and Lewy bodies, resulting in tremors and movement difficulties. Beyond these, disorders like Huntington’s, ALS, and frontotemporal dementia share common mechanisms such as protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment, imaging, and biomarkers, but challenges remain for early detection. Current treatments mostly address symptoms, with ongoing research exploring disease-modifying therapies, stem cells, and gene therapy, aiming toward personalized medicine and better outcomes.