,
,
,
, a. Anatomy
b. Mitosis
c. Filtration
d. Physiology
ANS: D
Physiology explains the processes and functions of the various structures and how they
interrelate with one another.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 1 OBJ: 1
TOP: Terminology KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
13. The anatomic structure that is not in the thoracic cavity is/are the .
a. heart
b. lungs
c. blood vessels
d. transverse colon
ANS: D
The transverse colon is located in the abdominal cavity.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 3 OBJ: 5
TOP: Thoracic cavity KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
14. When several organs and parts are grouped together for certain functions, they form:
a. tissues.
b. systems.
c. cells.
d. membranes.
ANS: B
A system is an organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs arranged so that together
they can perform complex functions for the body.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 4 OBJ: 7
TOP: Systems KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
15. What are the distinct surface proteins of the plasma membrane essential in determining?
a. Tissue typing
b. Blood count
c. Effectiveness of a drug
d. Sexual maturity
ANS: A
The plasma membrane has distinct surface proteins as coming from one individual. This is the
basis for the procedure of tissue typing to determine compatibility before an organ transplant.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 5 OBJ: 12
TOP: Cells KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
16. In anatomic terminology, posterior means toward the:
a. tail.
b. head.
c. back.
d. trunk.
, ANS: C
The posterior is toward the back.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 1 OBJ: 2
TOP: Anatomic terminology KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
17. What does the transverse body plane divide?
a. The front and back (coronal) of the body
b. The body lengthwise (two equal halves)
c. The superior and inferior portions of the body
d. The body into axial and appendicular
ANS: C
The transverse plane cuts the body horizontally into the sagittal and the frontal planes,
dividing the body into caudal and cranial portions.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 2 OBJ: 3
TOP: Body planes KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
N RSI.
18. Caudal is defined as toward theU
a. head
b. feet
c. tail
d. chest
ANS: C
Caudal is a directional word that indicates toward the ―tail,‖ the distal portion of the spine.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 1 OBJ: 3
TOP: Anatomic terminology KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
19. What is the term for movement of water from an area of lower solute concentration to an area
of higher solute concentration?
a. Absorption
b. Filtration
c. Diffusion
d. Osmosis
ANS: D
Osmosis is the passage of water from less concentrated solution to more concentrated
solution.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 8 OBJ: 10
TOP: Transport processes KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
20. What is the type of tissue composed of cells that contract in response to a message from the
brain or spinal cord?
a. Epithelial
b. Connective
c. Membrane
d. Muscle
ANS: D
Muscle tissue is composed of cells that contract in response to a message from the brain or
spinal cord.
, DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 9 OBJ: 7
TOP: Tissues KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
21. What is the type of tissue associated with the storage of fat?
a. Areolar tissue
b. Adipose tissue
c. Osseous tissue
d. Muscle tissue
ANS: B
Adipose tissue is associated with the important function of storing fat.
DIF: Cognitive Level: KnowlN
edgeR I GREF: B.1C0 M OBJ: 11
TOP: Tissues KEY: NursUingSProN
cessT
Step: AO
ssessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
22. What are the thin sheets of tissue that lubricate and line the body surfaces that open to the
outside environment?
a. Mucous membranes
b. Serous membranes
c. Cytoplasm
d. Involuntary visceral muscles
ANS: A
Mucous membranes secrete mucus. They line the body surfaces that open to the outside
environment.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 9 OBJ: 7
TOP: Tissues KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
23. What is the process by which a cell digests a foreign material by surrounding it?
a. Pinocytosis
b. Phagocytosis
c. Absorption
d. Diffusion
ANS: B
Phagocytosis is the process that permits a cell to engulf or surround any foreign material and
digest it.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 7 OBJ: 10
TOP: Active transport processes KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
24. Active transport in the movement of ions and other water-soluble particles across cell
membranes requires that the body uses its:
a.rapid filtration.
b.charged diffusion.
c.a chemical pump.
d.osmosis.
ANS: C
Active transport of ions and other water-soluble particles of the cell membrane require a
chemical pump, such as insulin, to move glucose into the cell.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 7 OBJ: 10
, TOP: Active transport processes KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
25. What is the term for the passage of water containing dissolved materials through a membrane
as the result of a greater mechanical force on one side?
a. Metabolism
b. Mitosis
c. Filtration
d. Osmosis
ANS: C
Filtration is the movement of water and particles through a membrane by a force from either
pressure or gravity.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 8 OBJ: 10
TOP: Passive transport processes KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
26. The nurse is aware that when a patient complains of pain in the epigastric region, the source
of the pain is most likely to be a disorder involving the:
a. gallbladder.
b. transverse colon.
c. stomach.
d. appendix.
ANS: C
The epigastric region of the abdomen is comprised of parts of the right and left lobes of the
liver and a large portion of the stomach.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 3 OBJ: 5
TOP: Epigastric region KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
27. What are tissues that cover the outside of the body and some internal structures?
a. Connective
b. Epithelial
c. Nerve
d. Muscle
ANS: B
Epithelial tissue covers the outside of the body and some of the internal structures.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 8 OBJ: 7
TOP: Tissues KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
28. When the nurse assesses an arm in proximal to distal order, the assessment is performed from:
a. the shoulder to the fingers.
b. front to back.
c. fingers to the center of the body.
d. center of the body to the fingers.
ANS: A
Proximal is nearest the origin of the structure. Distal is farthest from the origin of the
structure.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 2 OBJ: 3
TOP: Anatomic terminology KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
, N RmeImbrGaneBs?.C M
29. What is the function of epithelial
a. Secretes mucus, lines ends U of bS
oneN
s, aT
nd linesObursae.
b. Lines ends of bones, secretes synovial fluid, and lines internal surfaces of organs.
c. Covers the wall of lower digestive tract, secretes mucus, and lines lungs,
peritoneum, and pericardium.
d. Lines lungs, peritoneum, and pericardium, and secretes synovial fluid.
ANS: C
The epithelial membrane secretes mucus, lines the lungs, peritoneum, and pericardium, and
covers the wall of the lower digestive tract. The synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid to
prevent friction between joints and the ends of bones, and lines the bursae found betweenmoving
body parts.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 9 OBJ: 7
TOP: Tissues KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
30. The nurse explains that pinocytosis is a process by which cells:
a. divide.
b. take in extracellular fluid.
c. use a chemical pump.
d. convert mitochondria.
ANS: B
Pinocytosis is a process by which the cell wall makes an indentation allowing extracellular
fluid to fill in, then encloses it into the cell.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 7 OBJ: 10
TOP: Pinocytosis KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
31. What is the most complex structural level of organization of the body?
a. Body as a whole
b. Cellular
c. Organs
d. Chemical
ANS: A
The structural levels of organization progress from the least complex (chemical) through cells,
tissues, organs, systems to the most complex (the body as a whole).
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 3 OBJ: 6
TOP: Structural levels of organization KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
32. Using a poster, the nurse demonstrates the protection of the nucleus. Which layer is the most
superficial?
a. Endoplasmic reticulum
b. Nuclear membrane
c. Plasma membrane
d. Cytoplasm
ANS: C
The most superficial covering of the nucleus is the plasma membrane, under which is the
cytoplasm containing the endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear membrane, and nucleus.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 5 OBJ: 8
TOP: Protective covering of nucleus KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
, MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. Which are among the 11 body systems? (Select all that apply.)
a. Lymphatic
b. Cellular
c. Digestive
d. Reproductive
e. Accessory
f. Spinal cord
ANS: A, C, D
There are 11 body systems: integumentary, respiratory, skeletal, digestive, muscular, nervous,
endocrine, urinary, reproductive, cardiovascular, and lymphatic.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 12 OBJ: 7
TOP: Body systems KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
2. Which of the following are characteristics of visceral muscles? (Select all that apply.)
a. Involuntary
b. Smooth
c. Striated
d. Independent from the spinal cord
e. Voluntary
f. Present in the blood vessels
ANS: A, B, F
Smooth muscles are smooth, involuntary, and respond to messages from the spinal cord.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 9 OBJ: 7
TOP: Voluntary muscle KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
3. Which of the following are passive transport mechanisms that move material across the cell
membranes? (Select all that apply.)
a.Diffusion
b.Evaporation
c.Filtration
d.Osmosis
e.Mitosis
f.Anaphase
ANS: A, C, D
The passive transport systemN UR
s are dSifIfuNsG n,Bfi.
ioT ltC OMn, and osmosis.
r atio
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 8 OBJ: 10
TOP: Passive transport system KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
4. The nurse clarifies that the dorsal cavity is composed of the: (Select all that apply.)
a. Descending colon
b. Kidneys
c. Gallbladder
d. Brain
e. Pancreas
f. Spinal cavities
ANS: D, F
,
,
, a. Anatomy
b. Mitosis
c. Filtration
d. Physiology
ANS: D
Physiology explains the processes and functions of the various structures and how they
interrelate with one another.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 1 OBJ: 1
TOP: Terminology KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
13. The anatomic structure that is not in the thoracic cavity is/are the .
a. heart
b. lungs
c. blood vessels
d. transverse colon
ANS: D
The transverse colon is located in the abdominal cavity.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 3 OBJ: 5
TOP: Thoracic cavity KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
14. When several organs and parts are grouped together for certain functions, they form:
a. tissues.
b. systems.
c. cells.
d. membranes.
ANS: B
A system is an organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs arranged so that together
they can perform complex functions for the body.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 4 OBJ: 7
TOP: Systems KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
15. What are the distinct surface proteins of the plasma membrane essential in determining?
a. Tissue typing
b. Blood count
c. Effectiveness of a drug
d. Sexual maturity
ANS: A
The plasma membrane has distinct surface proteins as coming from one individual. This is the
basis for the procedure of tissue typing to determine compatibility before an organ transplant.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 5 OBJ: 12
TOP: Cells KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
16. In anatomic terminology, posterior means toward the:
a. tail.
b. head.
c. back.
d. trunk.
, ANS: C
The posterior is toward the back.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 1 OBJ: 2
TOP: Anatomic terminology KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
17. What does the transverse body plane divide?
a. The front and back (coronal) of the body
b. The body lengthwise (two equal halves)
c. The superior and inferior portions of the body
d. The body into axial and appendicular
ANS: C
The transverse plane cuts the body horizontally into the sagittal and the frontal planes,
dividing the body into caudal and cranial portions.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 2 OBJ: 3
TOP: Body planes KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
N RSI.
18. Caudal is defined as toward theU
a. head
b. feet
c. tail
d. chest
ANS: C
Caudal is a directional word that indicates toward the ―tail,‖ the distal portion of the spine.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 1 OBJ: 3
TOP: Anatomic terminology KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
19. What is the term for movement of water from an area of lower solute concentration to an area
of higher solute concentration?
a. Absorption
b. Filtration
c. Diffusion
d. Osmosis
ANS: D
Osmosis is the passage of water from less concentrated solution to more concentrated
solution.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 8 OBJ: 10
TOP: Transport processes KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
20. What is the type of tissue composed of cells that contract in response to a message from the
brain or spinal cord?
a. Epithelial
b. Connective
c. Membrane
d. Muscle
ANS: D
Muscle tissue is composed of cells that contract in response to a message from the brain or
spinal cord.
, DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 9 OBJ: 7
TOP: Tissues KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
21. What is the type of tissue associated with the storage of fat?
a. Areolar tissue
b. Adipose tissue
c. Osseous tissue
d. Muscle tissue
ANS: B
Adipose tissue is associated with the important function of storing fat.
DIF: Cognitive Level: KnowlN
edgeR I GREF: B.1C0 M OBJ: 11
TOP: Tissues KEY: NursUingSProN
cessT
Step: AO
ssessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
22. What are the thin sheets of tissue that lubricate and line the body surfaces that open to the
outside environment?
a. Mucous membranes
b. Serous membranes
c. Cytoplasm
d. Involuntary visceral muscles
ANS: A
Mucous membranes secrete mucus. They line the body surfaces that open to the outside
environment.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 9 OBJ: 7
TOP: Tissues KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
23. What is the process by which a cell digests a foreign material by surrounding it?
a. Pinocytosis
b. Phagocytosis
c. Absorption
d. Diffusion
ANS: B
Phagocytosis is the process that permits a cell to engulf or surround any foreign material and
digest it.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 7 OBJ: 10
TOP: Active transport processes KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
24. Active transport in the movement of ions and other water-soluble particles across cell
membranes requires that the body uses its:
a.rapid filtration.
b.charged diffusion.
c.a chemical pump.
d.osmosis.
ANS: C
Active transport of ions and other water-soluble particles of the cell membrane require a
chemical pump, such as insulin, to move glucose into the cell.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 7 OBJ: 10
, TOP: Active transport processes KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
25. What is the term for the passage of water containing dissolved materials through a membrane
as the result of a greater mechanical force on one side?
a. Metabolism
b. Mitosis
c. Filtration
d. Osmosis
ANS: C
Filtration is the movement of water and particles through a membrane by a force from either
pressure or gravity.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 8 OBJ: 10
TOP: Passive transport processes KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
26. The nurse is aware that when a patient complains of pain in the epigastric region, the source
of the pain is most likely to be a disorder involving the:
a. gallbladder.
b. transverse colon.
c. stomach.
d. appendix.
ANS: C
The epigastric region of the abdomen is comprised of parts of the right and left lobes of the
liver and a large portion of the stomach.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 3 OBJ: 5
TOP: Epigastric region KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
27. What are tissues that cover the outside of the body and some internal structures?
a. Connective
b. Epithelial
c. Nerve
d. Muscle
ANS: B
Epithelial tissue covers the outside of the body and some of the internal structures.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 8 OBJ: 7
TOP: Tissues KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
28. When the nurse assesses an arm in proximal to distal order, the assessment is performed from:
a. the shoulder to the fingers.
b. front to back.
c. fingers to the center of the body.
d. center of the body to the fingers.
ANS: A
Proximal is nearest the origin of the structure. Distal is farthest from the origin of the
structure.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 2 OBJ: 3
TOP: Anatomic terminology KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
, N RmeImbrGaneBs?.C M
29. What is the function of epithelial
a. Secretes mucus, lines ends U of bS
oneN
s, aT
nd linesObursae.
b. Lines ends of bones, secretes synovial fluid, and lines internal surfaces of organs.
c. Covers the wall of lower digestive tract, secretes mucus, and lines lungs,
peritoneum, and pericardium.
d. Lines lungs, peritoneum, and pericardium, and secretes synovial fluid.
ANS: C
The epithelial membrane secretes mucus, lines the lungs, peritoneum, and pericardium, and
covers the wall of the lower digestive tract. The synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid to
prevent friction between joints and the ends of bones, and lines the bursae found betweenmoving
body parts.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 9 OBJ: 7
TOP: Tissues KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
30. The nurse explains that pinocytosis is a process by which cells:
a. divide.
b. take in extracellular fluid.
c. use a chemical pump.
d. convert mitochondria.
ANS: B
Pinocytosis is a process by which the cell wall makes an indentation allowing extracellular
fluid to fill in, then encloses it into the cell.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 7 OBJ: 10
TOP: Pinocytosis KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
31. What is the most complex structural level of organization of the body?
a. Body as a whole
b. Cellular
c. Organs
d. Chemical
ANS: A
The structural levels of organization progress from the least complex (chemical) through cells,
tissues, organs, systems to the most complex (the body as a whole).
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 3 OBJ: 6
TOP: Structural levels of organization KEY: Nursing Process Step: N/A
MSC: NCLEX: N/A
32. Using a poster, the nurse demonstrates the protection of the nucleus. Which layer is the most
superficial?
a. Endoplasmic reticulum
b. Nuclear membrane
c. Plasma membrane
d. Cytoplasm
ANS: C
The most superficial covering of the nucleus is the plasma membrane, under which is the
cytoplasm containing the endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear membrane, and nucleus.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 5 OBJ: 8
TOP: Protective covering of nucleus KEY: Nursing Process Step: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
, MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. Which are among the 11 body systems? (Select all that apply.)
a. Lymphatic
b. Cellular
c. Digestive
d. Reproductive
e. Accessory
f. Spinal cord
ANS: A, C, D
There are 11 body systems: integumentary, respiratory, skeletal, digestive, muscular, nervous,
endocrine, urinary, reproductive, cardiovascular, and lymphatic.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: 12 OBJ: 7
TOP: Body systems KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
2. Which of the following are characteristics of visceral muscles? (Select all that apply.)
a. Involuntary
b. Smooth
c. Striated
d. Independent from the spinal cord
e. Voluntary
f. Present in the blood vessels
ANS: A, B, F
Smooth muscles are smooth, involuntary, and respond to messages from the spinal cord.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: 9 OBJ: 7
TOP: Voluntary muscle KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
3. Which of the following are passive transport mechanisms that move material across the cell
membranes? (Select all that apply.)
a.Diffusion
b.Evaporation
c.Filtration
d.Osmosis
e.Mitosis
f.Anaphase
ANS: A, C, D
The passive transport systemN UR
s are dSifIfuNsG n,Bfi.
ioT ltC OMn, and osmosis.
r atio
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: 8 OBJ: 10
TOP: Passive transport system KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment
MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity
4. The nurse clarifies that the dorsal cavity is composed of the: (Select all that apply.)
a. Descending colon
b. Kidneys
c. Gallbladder
d. Brain
e. Pancreas
f. Spinal cavities
ANS: D, F
