HESI A2 Biology 2024/2025 V1–V3 Full Update
– 100% Verified Answers with Expert Biology
Explanations
Introduction
This comprehensive guide provides 80 unique multiple-choice questions for the
HESI A2 Biology exam (V1–V3), covering cell biology, genetics, molecular biol-
ogy, metabolism, and evolution. Each question includes four answer options,
with the correct answer clearly marked and a concise explanation to enhance
understanding of core biological concepts. The content is formatted for profes-
sional PDF export, ensuring clarity, accessibility, and no duplication with prior
question sets.
Biology Questions
Question 1: What is the primary role of the cell membrane?
A. Store genetic material
B. Regulate substance movement (Correct)
C. Synthesize proteins
D. Produce energy
Explanation: The cell membrane, a phospholipid bilayer, selectively con-
trols the entry and exit of substances, maintaining cellular homeostasis.
Question 2: Which molecule is the primary energy carrier in cells?
A. DNA
B. Glucose
C. ATP (Correct)
D. RNA
Explanation: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) transfers energy within cells
by releasing energy when its phosphate bonds are broken.
Question 3: What process produces two identical daughter cells?
1
, A. Meiosis
B. Mitosis (Correct)
C. Fertilization
D. Crossing over
Explanation: Mitosis divides a somatic cell into two genetically identical
daughter cells, essential for growth and tissue repair.
Question 4: Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis?
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome (Correct)
C. Mitochondrion
D. Golgi apparatus
Explanation: Ribosomes, either free or attached to the endoplasmic retic-
ulum, translate mRNA into polypeptide chains for protein synthesis.
Question 5: What is an allele?
A. A complete chromosome
B. A segment of RNA
C. A variant form of a gene (Correct)
D. A type of protein
Explanation: Alleles are different versions of the same gene, contributing
to genetic variation (e.g., blue or brown eye color alleles).
Question 6: Which process transcribes DNA into mRNA?
A. Translation
B. Replication
C. Transcription (Correct)
D. Splicing
Explanation: Transcription copies a DNA sequence into mRNA in the nu-
cleus, initiating protein synthesis.
Question 7: What is the primary product of glycolysis?
A. Oxygen
B. Pyruvate (Correct)
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Glucose
Explanation: Glycolysis breaks down glucose in the cytoplasm, producing
two pyruvate molecules, ATP, and NADH.
2
, Question 8: Which structure is unique to plant cells?
A. Nucleus
B. Cell wall (Correct)
C. Mitochondrion
D. Lysosome
Explanation: The cell wall, composed of cellulose, provides structural sup-
port and protection in plant cells, absent in animal cells.
Question 9: What term describes an organism with two different alleles for a trait?
A. Homozygous
B. Heterozygous (Correct)
C. Dominant
D. Recessive
Explanation: A heterozygous organism has two different alleles (e.g., Aa),
potentially expressing the dominant trait.
Question 10: Which molecule is the template for protein synthesis?
A. tRNA
B. mRNA (Correct)
C. rRNA
D. DNA
Explanation: mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA to ribosomes, serv-
ing as the template for assembling amino acids into proteins.
Question 11: What is the primary function of chloroplasts?
A. Protein modification
B. Photosynthesis (Correct)
C. Cellular respiration
D. Waste digestion
Explanation: Chloroplasts, containing chlorophyll, capture sunlight to con-
vert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen during photosyn-
thesis.
Question 12: Which process introduces genetic variation during meiosis?
A. Replication
B. Crossing over (Correct)
C. Transcription
D. Translation
3
– 100% Verified Answers with Expert Biology
Explanations
Introduction
This comprehensive guide provides 80 unique multiple-choice questions for the
HESI A2 Biology exam (V1–V3), covering cell biology, genetics, molecular biol-
ogy, metabolism, and evolution. Each question includes four answer options,
with the correct answer clearly marked and a concise explanation to enhance
understanding of core biological concepts. The content is formatted for profes-
sional PDF export, ensuring clarity, accessibility, and no duplication with prior
question sets.
Biology Questions
Question 1: What is the primary role of the cell membrane?
A. Store genetic material
B. Regulate substance movement (Correct)
C. Synthesize proteins
D. Produce energy
Explanation: The cell membrane, a phospholipid bilayer, selectively con-
trols the entry and exit of substances, maintaining cellular homeostasis.
Question 2: Which molecule is the primary energy carrier in cells?
A. DNA
B. Glucose
C. ATP (Correct)
D. RNA
Explanation: ATP (adenosine triphosphate) transfers energy within cells
by releasing energy when its phosphate bonds are broken.
Question 3: What process produces two identical daughter cells?
1
, A. Meiosis
B. Mitosis (Correct)
C. Fertilization
D. Crossing over
Explanation: Mitosis divides a somatic cell into two genetically identical
daughter cells, essential for growth and tissue repair.
Question 4: Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis?
A. Nucleus
B. Ribosome (Correct)
C. Mitochondrion
D. Golgi apparatus
Explanation: Ribosomes, either free or attached to the endoplasmic retic-
ulum, translate mRNA into polypeptide chains for protein synthesis.
Question 5: What is an allele?
A. A complete chromosome
B. A segment of RNA
C. A variant form of a gene (Correct)
D. A type of protein
Explanation: Alleles are different versions of the same gene, contributing
to genetic variation (e.g., blue or brown eye color alleles).
Question 6: Which process transcribes DNA into mRNA?
A. Translation
B. Replication
C. Transcription (Correct)
D. Splicing
Explanation: Transcription copies a DNA sequence into mRNA in the nu-
cleus, initiating protein synthesis.
Question 7: What is the primary product of glycolysis?
A. Oxygen
B. Pyruvate (Correct)
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Glucose
Explanation: Glycolysis breaks down glucose in the cytoplasm, producing
two pyruvate molecules, ATP, and NADH.
2
, Question 8: Which structure is unique to plant cells?
A. Nucleus
B. Cell wall (Correct)
C. Mitochondrion
D. Lysosome
Explanation: The cell wall, composed of cellulose, provides structural sup-
port and protection in plant cells, absent in animal cells.
Question 9: What term describes an organism with two different alleles for a trait?
A. Homozygous
B. Heterozygous (Correct)
C. Dominant
D. Recessive
Explanation: A heterozygous organism has two different alleles (e.g., Aa),
potentially expressing the dominant trait.
Question 10: Which molecule is the template for protein synthesis?
A. tRNA
B. mRNA (Correct)
C. rRNA
D. DNA
Explanation: mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA to ribosomes, serv-
ing as the template for assembling amino acids into proteins.
Question 11: What is the primary function of chloroplasts?
A. Protein modification
B. Photosynthesis (Correct)
C. Cellular respiration
D. Waste digestion
Explanation: Chloroplasts, containing chlorophyll, capture sunlight to con-
vert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen during photosyn-
thesis.
Question 12: Which process introduces genetic variation during meiosis?
A. Replication
B. Crossing over (Correct)
C. Transcription
D. Translation
3
