lOMoARcPSD|56365124
AQA GCSE BIOLOGY EXAM PP1-REAL EXAM-LATEST UPDATE 2025|
COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |
GUARANTEED PASS!! ALREADY GRADED A+
What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? - ANSWERProkaryotic cells
are much smaller than eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound-organelles and a nucleus containing genetic material,
while prokaryotes do not.
How is genetic information stored in a prokaryotic cell? - ANSWERFound free within the
cytoplasm as:
● Chromosomal DNA (single large loop of circular DNA)
● Plasmid DNA
What are plasmids? - ANSWER● Small, circular loops of DNA found free in the cytoplasm and
separate from the main DNA.
● Carry genes that provide genetic advantages e.g. antibiotic resistance.
List the components of both plant and animal cells (5) - ANSWER● Nucleus
● Cytoplasm
● Cell membrane
● Mitochondria
● Ribosomes
List the additional cell components found in plant cells (3) - ANSWER● Chloroplasts
, lOMoARcPSD|56365124
● Permanent vacuole
● Cell wall
Other than storing genetic information, what is the function of the nucleus? - ANSWERControls
cellular activities
Describe the structure of the cytoplasm - ANSWER● Fluid component of the cell.
● Contains organelles, enzymes and dissolved ions and nutrients.
What is the function of the cytoplasm? - ANSWERSite of cellular reactions e.g. first stage of
respiration.
Transport medium.
What is the function of the cell membrane? - ANSWERControls the entry and exit of materials
into and out of the cell.
What is the function of the mitochondria? - ANSWERSite of later stages of aerobic respiration in
which ATP is produced.
What is the function of the ribosomes? - ANSWERJoins amino acids in a specific order during
translation for the synthesis of proteins.
What is the plant cell wall made of? - ANSWERCellulose
What is the function of the plant cell wall? - ANSWER● Provides strength.
● Prevents the cell bursting when water enters by osmosis.
, lOMoARcPSD|56365124
What does the permanent vacuole contain? - ANSWERCell sap (a solution of salts, sugars and
organic acids).
What is the function of the permanent vacuole? - ANSWERSupports the cell, maintaining its
turgidity.
What is the function of chloroplasts? - ANSWERSite of photosynthesis
Describe how sperm cells in animals are adapted to their function - ANSWER● Haploid nucleus
contains genetic information.
● Tail enables movement.
● Mitochondria provide energy for tail movement.
● Acrosome contains enzymes that digest the egg cell membrane.
Describe how nerve cells in animals are adapted to their function - ANSWER● Long axon
allows electrical impulses to be transmitted all over the body from the central nervous system.
● Dendrites from the cell body connect to and receive impulses from other nerve cells, muscles
and glands.
● Myelin sheath insulates the axon and speeds up the transmission of impulses along the nerve
cell.
Describe how muscle cells are adapted to their function - ANSWER● Arrangement of protein
filaments allows them to slide over each other to produce muscle contraction.
● Mitochondria to provide energy for muscle contraction.
Describe how root hair cells in plants are adapted to their function - ANSWER● Large surface
area to absorb nutrients and water from surrounding soil.
● Thin walls that do not restrict water absorption.
, lOMoARcPSD|56365124
Describe how xylem cells in plants are adapted to their function - ANSWERThey lose their end
walls so the xylem forms a continuous, hollow tube.
They become strengthened by a substance called lignin. Lignin gives strength and support to the
plant. We call lignified cells wood.
Describe how phloem cells in plants are adapted to their function - ANSWER● Sieve plates let
dissolved amino acids and sugars be transported up and down the stem.
● Companion cells provide energy needed for active transport of substances along the phloem.
What is cell differentiation? - ANSWERThe process by which cells become specialised.
Why is cell differentiation important? - ANSWERAllows production of different tissues and
organs that perform various vital functions in the human body.
At what point in their life cycle do most animal cells differentiate? - ANSWEREarly in their life
cycle
For how long do plant cells retain the ability to differentiate? - ANSWERThroughout their entire
life cycle
What is the purpose of cell division in mature animals? - ANSWERRepair and replacement of
cells
What changes does a cell go through as it differentiates? - ANSWERBecomes specialised
through acquisition of different sub-cellular structures to enable a specific function to be
performed by the cell.
Define magnification - ANSWERThe number of times bigger an image appears compared to the
size of the real object.
AQA GCSE BIOLOGY EXAM PP1-REAL EXAM-LATEST UPDATE 2025|
COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |
GUARANTEED PASS!! ALREADY GRADED A+
What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? - ANSWERProkaryotic cells
are much smaller than eukaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound-organelles and a nucleus containing genetic material,
while prokaryotes do not.
How is genetic information stored in a prokaryotic cell? - ANSWERFound free within the
cytoplasm as:
● Chromosomal DNA (single large loop of circular DNA)
● Plasmid DNA
What are plasmids? - ANSWER● Small, circular loops of DNA found free in the cytoplasm and
separate from the main DNA.
● Carry genes that provide genetic advantages e.g. antibiotic resistance.
List the components of both plant and animal cells (5) - ANSWER● Nucleus
● Cytoplasm
● Cell membrane
● Mitochondria
● Ribosomes
List the additional cell components found in plant cells (3) - ANSWER● Chloroplasts
, lOMoARcPSD|56365124
● Permanent vacuole
● Cell wall
Other than storing genetic information, what is the function of the nucleus? - ANSWERControls
cellular activities
Describe the structure of the cytoplasm - ANSWER● Fluid component of the cell.
● Contains organelles, enzymes and dissolved ions and nutrients.
What is the function of the cytoplasm? - ANSWERSite of cellular reactions e.g. first stage of
respiration.
Transport medium.
What is the function of the cell membrane? - ANSWERControls the entry and exit of materials
into and out of the cell.
What is the function of the mitochondria? - ANSWERSite of later stages of aerobic respiration in
which ATP is produced.
What is the function of the ribosomes? - ANSWERJoins amino acids in a specific order during
translation for the synthesis of proteins.
What is the plant cell wall made of? - ANSWERCellulose
What is the function of the plant cell wall? - ANSWER● Provides strength.
● Prevents the cell bursting when water enters by osmosis.
, lOMoARcPSD|56365124
What does the permanent vacuole contain? - ANSWERCell sap (a solution of salts, sugars and
organic acids).
What is the function of the permanent vacuole? - ANSWERSupports the cell, maintaining its
turgidity.
What is the function of chloroplasts? - ANSWERSite of photosynthesis
Describe how sperm cells in animals are adapted to their function - ANSWER● Haploid nucleus
contains genetic information.
● Tail enables movement.
● Mitochondria provide energy for tail movement.
● Acrosome contains enzymes that digest the egg cell membrane.
Describe how nerve cells in animals are adapted to their function - ANSWER● Long axon
allows electrical impulses to be transmitted all over the body from the central nervous system.
● Dendrites from the cell body connect to and receive impulses from other nerve cells, muscles
and glands.
● Myelin sheath insulates the axon and speeds up the transmission of impulses along the nerve
cell.
Describe how muscle cells are adapted to their function - ANSWER● Arrangement of protein
filaments allows them to slide over each other to produce muscle contraction.
● Mitochondria to provide energy for muscle contraction.
Describe how root hair cells in plants are adapted to their function - ANSWER● Large surface
area to absorb nutrients and water from surrounding soil.
● Thin walls that do not restrict water absorption.
, lOMoARcPSD|56365124
Describe how xylem cells in plants are adapted to their function - ANSWERThey lose their end
walls so the xylem forms a continuous, hollow tube.
They become strengthened by a substance called lignin. Lignin gives strength and support to the
plant. We call lignified cells wood.
Describe how phloem cells in plants are adapted to their function - ANSWER● Sieve plates let
dissolved amino acids and sugars be transported up and down the stem.
● Companion cells provide energy needed for active transport of substances along the phloem.
What is cell differentiation? - ANSWERThe process by which cells become specialised.
Why is cell differentiation important? - ANSWERAllows production of different tissues and
organs that perform various vital functions in the human body.
At what point in their life cycle do most animal cells differentiate? - ANSWEREarly in their life
cycle
For how long do plant cells retain the ability to differentiate? - ANSWERThroughout their entire
life cycle
What is the purpose of cell division in mature animals? - ANSWERRepair and replacement of
cells
What changes does a cell go through as it differentiates? - ANSWERBecomes specialised
through acquisition of different sub-cellular structures to enable a specific function to be
performed by the cell.
Define magnification - ANSWERThe number of times bigger an image appears compared to the
size of the real object.
