Exam (elaborations)

Perinatal Mental Health Exam Questions and Answers 2025

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Perinatal Mental Health ,

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Perinatal Mental Health ,

What is a PMAD? -Correct Answer A perinatal mood and anxiety disorder (not just PPD!) Define the perinatal period. -Correct Answer Time from conception through 1st year after giving birth. Define the prenatal or antenatal time -Correct Answer During pregnancy Define the postpartum or postn...

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Perinatal Mental Health

Perinatal Mental Health Exam Questions
and Answers 2025
What is a PMAD? -Correct Answer ✔A perinatal mood and anxiety disorder (not just
PPD!)

Define the perinatal period. -Correct Answer ✔Time from conception through 1st year
after giving birth.

Define the prenatal or antenatal time -Correct Answer ✔During pregnancy

Define the postpartum or postnatal time -Correct Answer ✔1st year after giving birth

What does PMAD mean? -Correct Answer ✔Perinatal mood (depression, bipolar,
psychosis) anxiety (ocd, panic, had, ptsd) disorders (impact daily functioning).

Can occur at anytime in life but increased risk in perinatal period and symptoms have
unique presentation.

How many infants annually are born to depressed mothers? -Correct Answer
✔400,000...making perinatal depression the most under diagnosed obstetric
complication in America

PMADs can affect... -Correct Answer ✔Anyone!

They do not discriminate. Can affect anyone. Socioeconomic status is NOT protective

_ in _ women are affected by perinatal depression -Correct Answer ✔1 in 7 women

Percentage of pregnancy induced HTN vs pre-eclampsia vs gestational diabetes vs
PMADs? -Correct Answer ✔6-8% PIH, 6-8% pre-eclampsia, 6% gestational diabetes,
21% PMADs

_ in _ men are affected by perinatal depression -Correct Answer ✔1 in 10 men

Risks of untreated PMADs -Correct Answer ✔Relationship problems, poor adherence to
medical care, exacerbation of chronic medical issues, loss of financial resources,
disability, child neglect/abuse, developmental delays, tobacco/alcohol, drug use,
Suicide, homicide

How many pregnancies are unplanned? -Correct Answer ✔50%

Perinatal Mental Health

,Perinatal Mental Health

Not all pregnancies are planned, wanted. Not all pregnancies end with a health baby or
fulfillment.

Etiology of PPD? -Correct Answer ✔Genetic predisposition, biological sensitivity to
hormonal changes, social/environmental (Hx of trauma or poor social support),
psychological (relationship with own mom, self image/perfectionism)

Cultural considerations of ppd -Correct Answer ✔-in some cultures mothers may not
feel safe to express needs or seek help.
-may report symptoms differently based on culture

What did the landmark study on PPD show? -Correct Answer ✔22% of women had
depression during first year postpartum: 26% started before pregnancy, 33% during
pregnancy, 40% during postpartum

Of the 22% of postpartum mothers -Correct Answer ✔68% had unipolar depression

66% had MDD or combo with GAD

22% bipolar depression

19% had thoughts of harming selves

Prenatal depression relapse rate with meds and without meds -Correct Answer ✔26%
who continued meds relapsed during pregnancy while 68% who stopped meds relapsed

Higher relapse rate if you DC meds

Percent of fathers with PPD? -Correct Answer ✔10%

Depression in men: timing, symptoms -Correct Answer ✔Peaks at 3-6 months
postpartum

May not be sad "masked" and irritable, aggressive, hostile, acting out, checked out,
distractions

Do men seek help for their depression? -Correct Answer ✔Not often. Only 3% sought
help.

Men are likely to under report symptoms

Single mothers vs single fathers -Correct Answer ✔Single mothers: higher risk of
maltreatment. Twice as likely than mothers with partners to have depression.

Perinatal Mental Health

,Perinatal Mental Health

Single fathers: have 3 times mortality rate than single mothers or partnered parents.

Trans gestational parents -Correct Answer ✔Needs research to determine prevalence.
Baseline depression and anxiety higher than adult average already.

Other people at risk -Correct Answer ✔Non-gestational parents also at risk for PMADs.

Pregnancy VS Depression -Correct Answer ✔Pregnancy-tearful, labor. No change in
self esteem. Sleep disrupted due to bladder. No SI. Tire but rest restores, appropriate
worry, joy, increase appetite

Depression: irritable, gloom, rage, low self esteem/guilt. Sleep changes, SI. Fatigue and
no restoration of rest. Anhedonia

Characteristics of baby blues -Correct Answer ✔60-80% new moms affected

Due to hormone fluctuation/sleep deprivation

Lasts 2 days-2 weeks. Peaks 3-5 d.

Symptoms of baby blues -Correct Answer ✔Tearfulness, liability, exhaustion

Predominately happy, self esteem unchanged

Unrelated to stress or prior psych history

Consider timing, onset, severity, duration, chronicity when differentiation between PPD
and baby blues

Major unipolar depression with peripartum onset DSM criteria -Correct Answer ✔5 or
more symptoms present for at least 2 weeks

Depressed mood most of day
Loss of interest/joy
Weight change or appetite disturbance
Sleep disturbance
Psychomotor agitation
Fatigue
Poor focus
Worthless feelings
Excessive guilty
Recurrent thoughts of death/suicide

perinatal anxiety disorders -Correct Answer ✔Includes GAD, panic

Perinatal Mental Health

, Perinatal Mental Health

GAD DSM-5 Criteria -Correct Answer ✔Excessive worry and anxiety (about ones own
and babies needs)

Difficulty controlling worry

Agitation, irritable

Restless, feeling on edge

Poor concentration

Fatigue, sleep disturbance (insomnia)

Increased somatic symptoms-muscle tension, palpitations, GI, SOB

Prevalence of perinatal anxiety -Correct Answer ✔15%

Estimates between 8-20%

Panic disorder dsm criteria -Correct Answer ✔Episodes of intense fear peaking in
minutes

SOB, chest pain, choking, dizzy

Hot/cold flash, rapid HR, numbness

Restless, agitation, irritable

Excessive fear/worry

Fear of going crazy or another attack

No trigger sometimes

3 greatest fears in panic disorder -Correct Answer ✔Going crazy, death, losing control

Perinatal OCD -Correct Answer ✔Obsessions defined by recurrent and persistent
thoughts, urges, impulses that are intrusive and unwanted and cause anxiety.

Compulsions are defined by repetitive behaviors that the individual feels driven to
perform in response to the obsession. Behaviors or mental acts are aimed at preventing
or reducing anxiety or distress.

Perinatal women how many times greater risk for ocd than general population?

____% had ocd onset in prenatal period -Correct Answer ✔1.5-2 times increase risk

Perinatal Mental Health

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