Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice Problems
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_4ygshv
1. A patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of
his liver. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to ___________ of
the remaining liver cells.
A. Metaplasia
B. Organ atrophy
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
D. Physiologic hyperplasia: C
2. An older adult patient comes to the clinic complaining of not being able to
do what he used to be able to. You know that normal changes associated with
aging include: (Select all that apply.)
A. Improved blood flow
B. Slowed metabolic rate
C. Decreased brain weight
D. Improved nerve fiber conduction
E. Less respiratory capacity: B, C, E
3. A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic
for a scheduled Pap smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will
examine cell samples for evidence of:
A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
B. Presence of unexpected cell types
C. Ischemic changes in cell sample
D. Abnormally high numbers of cells: A
4. The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter has
admitted to chewing and swallowing imported toy figurines that have been
determined to be made of lead. Which of the following blood tests should the
care team prioritize?
A. White blood cell levels with differential
B. Red blood cell levels and morphology
C. Urea and creatinine levels
D. Liver function panel: B
Lead -> anemia, RBC lysis
You know it's not A because there is no infection involved. C is focused on kidney
function while D is focused on liver function. Both of these would be important in
the case of lead poisoning BUT the priority answer is B, because you need first to
, Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice Problems
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_4ygshv
address the most life-threatening patient needs. The little girl in this question can go
into shock or suffer permanent organ damage if her RBCs are low.
5. A patient with severe peripheral vascular disease has developed signs of
dry gangrene on the great toe of one foot. Which of the following pathophysi-
ologic processes most likely contributed to this diagnosis?
A. Inappropriate activation of apoptosis
B. Bacterial invasion
C. Impaired arterial blood supply
D. Metaplastic cellular changes: B
Remember that it's not C because to have gangrene, you must have infection
6. Although stress exposure initiates integrated responses by multiple sys-
tems, the most important changes are first activated by which system?
A. Pulmonary
B. Gastrointestinal
C. Neuroendocrine
D. Cardiovascular: C
7. Which manifestation of stress reflects the non-specific fight or flight re-
sponse?
A. Decreased pupillary light response
B. Increased GI motility
C. Decreased short-term memory
D. Increased cardiopulmonary rates: D
This would fall under physiologic responses to stress!! Slide 25 in your lecture
powerpoint
8. Stress-induced cortisol hormone secretion is associated with:
A. Increased growth hormone level
B. Regulation of the stress response
C. Increased thyroid-stimulating hormone
D. Depressed adrenal gland function: B
You know it's not A because I mentioned in an earlier slide that growth hormone
levels decrease with stress. We didn't mention thyroid-stimulating hormone as one
, Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice Problems
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_4ygshv
of the ones associated with the stress repsonse so you can pretty much assume
that's not right. And we know adrenal function is not depressed because ACTH from
the anterior pituitary stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol.
9. Which of the following factors are known to contribute to an individual's
ability to adapt to stress? (Select all that apply.)
A. Ethnicity
B. Age
C. Socioeconomic status
D. Gender
E. Health status: B, C, D, E
"Ability to adapt to stress" = mediating factors! Slide 28 of this powerpoint
10. Two people experience the same stressor yet only one is able to cope and
adapt adequately. An example of the person with an increased capacity to
adapt is the one with:
A. A sense of purpose in life
B. Circadian rhythm disruption
C. Age-related renal dysfunction
D. Excessive weight gain or loss: A
Back to mediating factors. Which of these things do you think would help a person
deal with stress? Disruption in sleep cycle (B) will definitely not help, age-related
renal dysfunction (C) is an indicator of poor health status which also would not help,
and excessive weight changes (D) are also likely to cause more stress than alleviate
it.
11. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:
(Select all that apply.)
A. Redness
B. Fatigue
C. Swelling
D. Warmth
E. Fever: A, C, D
12. The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement of
leukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives first and in great
numbers?
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_4ygshv
1. A patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of
his liver. Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to ___________ of
the remaining liver cells.
A. Metaplasia
B. Organ atrophy
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
D. Physiologic hyperplasia: C
2. An older adult patient comes to the clinic complaining of not being able to
do what he used to be able to. You know that normal changes associated with
aging include: (Select all that apply.)
A. Improved blood flow
B. Slowed metabolic rate
C. Decreased brain weight
D. Improved nerve fiber conduction
E. Less respiratory capacity: B, C, E
3. A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic
for a scheduled Pap smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will
examine cell samples for evidence of:
A. Changes in cell shape, size, and organization
B. Presence of unexpected cell types
C. Ischemic changes in cell sample
D. Abnormally high numbers of cells: A
4. The parents of a 4-year-old girl have sought care because their daughter has
admitted to chewing and swallowing imported toy figurines that have been
determined to be made of lead. Which of the following blood tests should the
care team prioritize?
A. White blood cell levels with differential
B. Red blood cell levels and morphology
C. Urea and creatinine levels
D. Liver function panel: B
Lead -> anemia, RBC lysis
You know it's not A because there is no infection involved. C is focused on kidney
function while D is focused on liver function. Both of these would be important in
the case of lead poisoning BUT the priority answer is B, because you need first to
, Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice Problems
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_4ygshv
address the most life-threatening patient needs. The little girl in this question can go
into shock or suffer permanent organ damage if her RBCs are low.
5. A patient with severe peripheral vascular disease has developed signs of
dry gangrene on the great toe of one foot. Which of the following pathophysi-
ologic processes most likely contributed to this diagnosis?
A. Inappropriate activation of apoptosis
B. Bacterial invasion
C. Impaired arterial blood supply
D. Metaplastic cellular changes: B
Remember that it's not C because to have gangrene, you must have infection
6. Although stress exposure initiates integrated responses by multiple sys-
tems, the most important changes are first activated by which system?
A. Pulmonary
B. Gastrointestinal
C. Neuroendocrine
D. Cardiovascular: C
7. Which manifestation of stress reflects the non-specific fight or flight re-
sponse?
A. Decreased pupillary light response
B. Increased GI motility
C. Decreased short-term memory
D. Increased cardiopulmonary rates: D
This would fall under physiologic responses to stress!! Slide 25 in your lecture
powerpoint
8. Stress-induced cortisol hormone secretion is associated with:
A. Increased growth hormone level
B. Regulation of the stress response
C. Increased thyroid-stimulating hormone
D. Depressed adrenal gland function: B
You know it's not A because I mentioned in an earlier slide that growth hormone
levels decrease with stress. We didn't mention thyroid-stimulating hormone as one
, Pathophysiology Exam 1 Practice Problems
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_4ygshv
of the ones associated with the stress repsonse so you can pretty much assume
that's not right. And we know adrenal function is not depressed because ACTH from
the anterior pituitary stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol.
9. Which of the following factors are known to contribute to an individual's
ability to adapt to stress? (Select all that apply.)
A. Ethnicity
B. Age
C. Socioeconomic status
D. Gender
E. Health status: B, C, D, E
"Ability to adapt to stress" = mediating factors! Slide 28 of this powerpoint
10. Two people experience the same stressor yet only one is able to cope and
adapt adequately. An example of the person with an increased capacity to
adapt is the one with:
A. A sense of purpose in life
B. Circadian rhythm disruption
C. Age-related renal dysfunction
D. Excessive weight gain or loss: A
Back to mediating factors. Which of these things do you think would help a person
deal with stress? Disruption in sleep cycle (B) will definitely not help, age-related
renal dysfunction (C) is an indicator of poor health status which also would not help,
and excessive weight changes (D) are also likely to cause more stress than alleviate
it.
11. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:
(Select all that apply.)
A. Redness
B. Fatigue
C. Swelling
D. Warmth
E. Fever: A, C, D
12. The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement of
leukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives first and in great
numbers?
